Method for Generating Ozone Containing Fluid

ABSTRACT

A method of generating ozone containing fluid comprising: drawing atmospheric air into an air compartment, generating ozone within the air compartment from air in the air compartment by conversion within the compartment of oxygen in the air within the compartment into ozone to form ozonated air, discharging the ozonated air from the air compartment, mixing the ozonated discharged air with a flowable fluid to form an ozonated fluid-air mixture, and passing the ozonated fluid-air mixture out a discharge outlet. Preferrably the method is carried out in a dispenser utilizing a piston pump to draw air through a corona discharge ozone generator and to draw liquid from a liquid reservoir and simultaneously pass both the ozonated air and liquid through a foam generator to generate foam.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/470,025 filed May 11, 2012 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 112/929,315 filed Jan. 14, 2011 which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/659,127filed Feb. 25, 2010 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/379,786 filed Feb. 27, 2009 and claims thebenefit of 35 U.S.C. 120.

SCOPE OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a product dispensing apparatus adapted forusing manually applied forces from a user not only to dispense productbut also to generate electrical energy as, for example, use in poweringof a communication link associated with the dispensing apparatus andestimating the amount of product dispensed.

This invention also relates to a method and apparatus of generatingozone containing fluids including foam and, more particularly, to amethod of dispensing and dispensers for dispensing fluids containingozone, preferably as a foam of ozonated air and liquid.

This invention also relates to an advantageous construction of a pumpfor use in dispensing fluids with or without ozone.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various manual dispensers of products are well known for dispensingproducts such as hand and skin cleaning fluids, whether as liquids orfoamed soap, paper towel dispensers as for use in washrooms, toilettissue dispensers as for use in washrooms, toilet cover dispensers asfor use in washrooms, feminine hygiene product dispensers, and beveragedispensers in cafeterias. Known such manual dispensers are manuallyoperated in the sense that manual forces are applied to dispense theproduct. One difficulty which arises with such dispensing apparatus isto provide for timely maintenance, servicing and monitoring such as, forexample, to ensure that there is always product to be dispensed and thatthe dispenser is operating properly.

The present inventor has appreciated a desire to provide forcommunication of such dispensing apparatus with various other systems.However, a disadvantage arises insofar as such manual dispensers are notconnected to any electrical power source and thus are not adapted todrive electrically powered communication systems.

Replaceable batteries are known for placement in dispensing apparatus soas to drive dispensing motors and/or electronics associated with theapparatus, however, such replaceable batteries suffer the disadvantagethat they are another component of the system which is prone to failure.Moreover, in manual dispensing apparatus, the cost of the batteriessubstantially decreases the commercial viability of the manualdispensing apparatus particularly in a competitive market favouringsimple inexpensive manually operated dispensing apparatus.

Fuel cells for the creation of electrical energy by the conversion ofalcohol compounds, such as ethanol, are known as are techniques formanufacturing such fuel cells in the mass production manner as on theplastic film.

Direct alcohol fuel cells are taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,193 toReady, issued Jul. 21, 1992 which teaches generation of electricity in asmall compact alcohol fuelled fuel cell electric power plant in whichpoisoning by reaction intermediates is avoided or minimized. As alcoholfuels, lower primary alcohols are preferred particularly methanol andethanol with other lower primary alcohols such as 1-propanol, 1-butanoland n-amyl alcohol also operative.

Piezoelectricity is the ability of some materials notably crystals andcertain ceramics to generate an electric field or electric potential inresponse to applied mechanical stress. A piezoelectric generatorconverts motion and force to electrical power, as charge and voltage. Apiezoelectric generator can be configured to generate an electricpotential when the generator is bent, compressed or stretched by themanual energy applied in manually activating a dispenser. For example, apiezoceramic may be constructed to generate a voltage differentialacross its electrodes when the piezoceramic is bent, compressed orstretched.

Persons skilled in the art appreciates that there are multiple ways tofabricate piezoceramic that creates an electrical voltage when deformed.In one method, two compressing piezoceramics are stacked together. Thepiezoceramics are polarized in opposite directions. When such a stack ismechanically bent, one piezoceramic compresses while the other onestretches and an electric potential is created across the stack or aportion of the stack. A single piezoceramic layer may also be polarizedto create an electrical potential when bent.

Previously known soap dispensers suffer the disadvantage that they donot have the capability to readily determine the amount of fluiddispensed or the amount of fluid remaining in a reservoir.

Many fluids are known as useful for cleaning and disinfecting.

Ozone (O₃) is a strong oxidizing agent having an oxygenation potentialmore than 1.5 times that of chlorine and approximately 1.2 times that ofhydrogen peroxide. Ozone is normally produced by passing anoxygen-containing gas through ultraviolet light or a corona discharge.Ozone has been shown to be a relatively reactive oxidant capable ofdestroying pathogenic microorganisms. Ozone naturally decomposes intooxygen within relatively short periods of time.

Presently known devices do not provide for adequate methods or apparatusfor generation and dispensing of small amounts of ozone as can beuseful, for example, in hand cleaning soap dispensers.

Piston pumps are known for engagement in the neck of a fluid containingbottle to dispense fluid from the bottle. Such known pumps suffer adisadvantage as to the limited volume which can be provide incompartments formed in the pump, particularly compartments to receiveair.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To at least partially overcome some of these disadvantages of previouslyknown devices, the present invention provides a dispensing apparatus inwhich product is dispensed by a user moving an actuation mechanism andin which an electrical generator is provided for generating electricalenergy such that, as a result of movement of the activation mechanism,the generator generates electrical power.

To at least partially overcome some of these disadvantages of previouslyknown devices, the present invention provides a method of generatingozone containing fluid comprising drawing atmospheric air into an aircompartment, generating ozone within the air compartment, dischargingthe ozonated air from the air compartment and mixing the ozonated airwith a flowable fluid to form a ozonated fluid air mixture. Preferably,the method is carried out in a pump having the air compartment, morepreferably with the air compartment having a volume which varies withoperation of the pump. Preferably, the ozonated fluid-air mixture aredispensed in the form of a foam.

To at least partially overcome other disadvantages of the previouslyknown devices, the present invention provides a construction for apiston pump to be received in a neck of a container having a compartmentoutside the neck of a greater diameter than the diameter of the neck.

An object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensivedispensing apparatus preferably a fluid dispensing apparatus with anelectrical generator for generating electrical energy.

Another object is to provide a dispensing apparatus preferably fordispensing fluids which when manually operated to dispense productgenerates small amounts of electrical energy in an electrical generator,preferably for storage in a storage device and to be utilized forvarious purposes including preferably those for wired or wirelesscommunication links such as preferably those which will communicate witha remote computer as by Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.

Another object is to provide a dispensing apparatus preferably fordispensing fluids which when operated to dispense product generateselectrical energy and the electrical energy generated is measured toestimate the amount of fluid dispensed.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatusfor generating ozone containing fluids, preferably, as a foam in smallamounts as suitable for use in dispensing from, for example, wallmounted hand cleaning fluid dispensers.

Another object is to provide a novel arrangement for a pump assembly,preferably one adapted to generate ozone with an air compartment withinthe pump.

The present invention provides a dispensing apparatus including aproduct dispenser in which product is dispensed by manual movement of anactivation mechanism as, for example, by moving a lever with a person'shand, arm or foot. The dispensing apparatus includes an electricalgenerator for generating electrical energy as a result of the manualmovement of the activation mechanism. The nature of the electricalgenerator is not limited. Mechanical generators may be used whichconvert mechanical energy into electrical energy, preferably byelectromagnetic induction. Generators which provide energy byelectrochemistry may also be used. Generators which provide energy bypiezoelectric effect may be used.

As one preferred electrical generator, movement of the activationmechanism moves a magnetized element relative a wire coil to generateelectrical power. As another electrical generator, movement of theactivation mechanism moves fluid product to be dispensed through a fuelcell to provide electrical energy. As another electrical generator,movement of the activation mechanism applies mechanical stress or strainwhich by piezoelectric effect is converted into electrical energy. Forexample, a piezoelectric element such as a piezoceramic may be attachedto a spring member such that when the spring member is deflected inmanual operation of the dispenser the piezoceramic element iscompressed, expanded or bent and electric potential is created acrosselectrodes of the element to generate electrical energy.

The electrical energy from the generator may be utilized for manydifferent purposes, without limitation. The electrical energy generatedmay be used virtually simultaneously although is preferably accumulatedin a storage device to store electrical energy. Preferred uses for theelectrical energy generated includes without limitation one or more ofthe following: to power a communication unit; for estimating the amountof fluid dispensed; and to generate ozone. Preferred dispensingapparatus include an electrical generator and one or more of acommunication unit, a system for estimating the amount of fluiddispensed and a system to generate ozone.

As one preferred usage the energy may be utilized in the dispensingapparatus to power a data communication unit for receiving informationabout the product dispenser and transmitting the information to areceiver, preferably but not necessarily wirelessly. Preferably,electrically powered components of the apparatus including thecommunication unit, any controller, processor and any sensors fordetecting information about the apparatus and providing it to thecommunication unit will have small electrical power requirements.

The present invention also provides a combination of a manually operatedfluid dispenser using manual energy to dispense fluid from a reservoirand an electrochemical cell to produce the electric energy, in which theelectric energy is derived from chemical conversion of the fluid to bedispensed, and used for example to power a communications unit totransmit information about the dispensing apparatus, preferablywirelessly. The fluid is to be dispensed for use in a purpose other thanproviding the electrical energy for dispensing. Thus, for example, thefuel after dispensing is for use as a cleaning or a disinfectantsolution. The fluid contains suitable compounds, such as, alcoholcompounds, which can be chemically converted into electrochemical cellsto produce current flow between the electrodes.

The present invention also provides in a fluid dispenser which inoperation to dispense fluid generates electrical energy, the improvementin which the electrical energy produced is measured and the resultantmeasure is used to estimate the amount of fluid dispensed. For example,in the context of a manually operated fluid dispenser with a lever tomove a piston of a piston pump to dispense fluid, the extent to whichand the manner in which the lever is moved bears a relationship to thevolume of fluid dispensed. The extent to which and the manner in whichthe lever is moved also bears a relationship to the electrical energygenerated. Therefore from the electrical energy generated in dispensingan estimate of the fluid dispensed can be made.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a dispensing apparatuscomprising:

a product containing reservoir,

a dispensing mechanism which on activation causes the product to bedischarged from the reservoir,

an activation mechanism for activation of the dispensing mechanism bythe engagement by a user moving the activation-mechanism, characterizedby:

an electrical generator for generating electric energy,

the electrical generator coupled to the activation-mechanism such thaton movement of the activation-mechanism the generator generateselectrical energy.

Preferably, the dispensing apparatus includes one or more of:

(a) an electrical storage device coupled to the generator to storeelectrical energy generated by the generator,

(b) a dispenser sensor unit in said dispenser for detecting informationabout the dispensing apparatus,

a data communications unit in communication with said dispenser sensorunit and configured for receiving information from said dispenser sensorunit, and the transmitting information,

(c) a control mechanism that estimates as a function of the electricalenergy generated by the generator the amount of fluid dispensed, and

(d) an ozone generator to create ozone in air to be discharged with thefluid.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a fluid dispensingapparatus comprising:

a fluid containing reservoir,

the reservoir having an outlet opening,

a dispensing mechanism which on activation causes fluid from thereservoir to be discharged from the outlet opening to a dischargeoutlet,

an activation mechanism for activation of the dispensing mechanism bythe engagement by a user moving the activation mechanism from a firstposition to a second position,

an electrical generator for generating electric energy,

the electrical generator generating electrical energy as a result ofmanual movement of the activation mechanically preferably the electricalgenerator selected from the group consisting of: an electromagneticgenerator coupled to the activation mechanism such that on movement ofthe activation mechanism from the first position to a second position amagnetized member moves relative a coil member to generate electricalpower, a piezoelectric generator with a member which is compressed,expanded or bent on movement of the activation mechanism, and a fuelcell coupled to the activation mechanism such that on movement of theactivation mechanism from the first position to the second position, thefluid to be dispensed flows through the fuel cell, and

preferably an electrical storage device coupled to the generator tostore electrical energy generated by the generator.

In another aspect the present invention provides a fluid dispensingapparatus comprising:

a fluid containing reservoir,

a dispensing mechanism which on activation causes fluid to be dischargedfrom the reservoir,

an activation mechanism for activation of the dispensing mechanism bymovement of the activation mechanism,

the activation mechanism adapted for engagement by a user to move theactivation mechanism,

an electrical generator for generating electric energy,

the electrical generator coupled to the activation-mechanism such thaton movement of the activation-mechanism to activate the dispensingmechanism the generator generates electrical energy,

a control mechanism which:

a. measures at least one feature of the energy generated to produce ameasured result, which feature is selected from the group consisting ofa feature of the current of the energy generated, a feature of thevoltage of the energy generated, a feature of the energy generated andcombinations thereof, and

b. estimates as a function of said measured result for the feature anestimated amount of fluid discharged.

In another aspect the present invention provides a method of operationof a fluid dispensing apparatus,

the fluid dispensing apparatus comprising:

a fluid containing reservoir,

a dispensing mechanism which on activation causes fluid to be dischargedfrom the reservoir,

an activation mechanism for activation of the dispensing mechanism bymovement of the activation mechanism,

the activation mechanism adapted for engagement by a user to moveactivation mechanism,

an electrical generator for generating electric energy,

the electrical generator coupled to the activation-mechanism such thaton movement of the activation-mechanism the generator generateselectrical energy,

the method comprising the steps of:

(a) moving the activation-mechanism by the to discharge fluid with thedispensing apparatus and to generate electrical energy with thegenerator:

(b) measuring at least one feature of the energy generated to produce ameasured result, which feature is selected from the group consisting ofa feature of the current of the energy generated, a feature of thevoltage of the energy generated, a feature of the energy generated andcombinations thereof,

(c) estimating as a function of said measured result for the feature anestimated amount of fluid discharged.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of generatingozone containing fluid comprising:

drawing atmospheric air into an air compartment,

generating ozone within the air compartment from air in the aircompartment by conversion within the compartment of oxygen in the airwithin the compartment into ozone to form ozonated air,

discharging the ozonated air from the air compartment,

mixing the ozonated discharged air with a flowable fluid to form anozonated fluid-air mixture, and

passing the ozonated fluid-air mixture out a discharge outlet.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of generatingozone containing fluid comprising:

providing a pump having an air compartment,

operating the pump in a cycle of operation including the steps ofdrawing atmospheric air into the air compartment and discharging airfrom the air compartment,

generating ozone within the air compartment from air in the aircompartment by conversion within the air compartment of oxygen in theair within the air compartment into ozone to form ozonated air in theair compartment,

mixing the ozonated air with a flowable fluid to form an ozonatedfluid-air mixture, and passing the ozonated fluid-air mixture out adischarge outlet.

Preferably, the method involves generating ozone within the aircompartment by radiating air in the compartment with radiation adequateto convert the oxygen into ozone. Preferably, the radiation isultraviolet radiation and the step of generating ozone creates aninitial ozone concentration in the air in the compartment of at least0.1% immediately after creating the ozone, more preferably, with theinitial ozone concentration to be in the range of 0.05% to 5%.Preferably, the liquid is capable of foaming and the method includespassing the ozonated air and flowable fluid simultaneously through afoam generator to generate foam for discharge out of the dischargeoutlet.

Preferably, the pump has a liquid chamber in communication with areservoir containing the flowable fluid and the cycle of operation ofthe pump includes the steps of drawing liquid into the liquidcompartment, discharging liquid from the liquid compartment includingdischarging the liquid from the liquid compartment before mixing theliquid with the ozonated air.

Preferably, the pump comprises a housing and an impeller movable withinthe housing such as a piston or rotor with the air compartment andliquid compartment formed within the housing between the housing and theimpeller. Preferably, the impeller is movable relative the housing in acycle of operation in which the air compartment has a variable volumewhich changes from a minimum volume to a maximum volume and with thestep of generating ozone in each cycle including generating ozone whenthe volume of the air compartment is proximate its maximum. Preferably,the pump may be selected from a piston pump and a rotary displacementpump.

Preferably, the air compartment is defined at least in part by a wall ofthe housing which transmits ultraviolet radiation and the methodincludes passing ultraviolet radiation through the wall into the aircompartment to irradiate air in the air compartment with radiationadequate to convert the oxygen in the air into ozone.

Preferably, the method includes controlling the generation of ozone inthe air chamber such that if a predetermined period of time passes afterlast generation of ozone without discharge of air from the aircompartment, then additional ozone is generated within the aircompartment as to compensate for natural decomposition of the ozone intooxygen.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a hand cleanerdispenser dispensing ozone containing fluid onto a user's handcomprising:

a fluid containing reservoir,

a pump mechanism including a housing and an impeller movable within thehousing,

an air compartment and a liquid compartment formed within the housingbetween the housing and impeller,

the impeller movable relative the housing in a cycle of operation (a) tosuccessively draw atmospheric air into the air compartment and dischargeair from the air compartment and (b) to successively draw liquid fromthe reservoir into the liquid compartment and discharge liquid from theliquid compartment,

the air compartment defined at least in part by a wail of the housingwhich is transmits ultraviolet radiation,

an emitter of ultraviolet radiation when activated directs ultravioletradiation through the wall into the air compartment to irradiate air inthe air compartment with ultraviolet radiation adequate to convertoxygen in the air in the air compartment into ozone forming ozonatedair, and

a mixing chamber for simultaneous passage of ozonated air which has beendischarged from the air compartment and fluid which has been dischargedfrom the liquid compartment.

Preferably, the pump mechanism is selected from a piston pump and arotary displacement pump.

Where the pump is a piston pump, a preferred arrangement is with thepiston pump attached to a fluid containing reservoir with the aircompartment provided to be external of the reservoir with a wall of thehousing forming the air compartment being accessible to provide for aradiation of air within the air compartment via an ultraviolet emitter.To provide for increased volume of the air chamber, the air chamber canadvantageously be provided to have a diameter which is greater than adiameter of an outlet from the fluid containing reservoir.

A dispensing assembly to produce ozone may optionally be manuallyoperated and in which electrical energy to create the ozone may besupplied by an electrical generator manually operated to dispense fluid.The ozone producing assembly may optionally include a communication unitand/or a system for estimating the volume of fluid dispensed.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a dispenser dispensingozone containing foam comprising:

an ozone generator comprising an ozone generating chamber, the ozonegenerating chamber having an air inlet in communication with a source ofair and an outlet, an ozone generator within the ozone generatingchamber to generate ozone from air in the ozone generating chamber byconversion within the ozone generating chamber of oxygen in the airwithin the ozone generating chamber into ozone to form ozonated air,

a fluid containing reservoir containing a fluid capable of foaming,

a liquid pump,

an air pump,

the air pump comprising a piston pump having a piston-forming elementreciprocally coaxially slidable within a piston chamber-forming memberin which an air compartment is formed between the piston-forming elementand the piston chamber-forming member,

the piston-forming element reciprocally movable relative the pistonchamber-forming member in a cycle of operation between a retractedposition and an extended position, the air compartment having a variablevolume which changes from a minimum volume to a maximum volume, thevolume of the air compartment being at the maximum volume when thepiston-forming element is in a first position of the retracted positionand the extended position, the volume of the air compartment being atthe minimum volume when the piston-forming element is in a secondposition of the retracted position and the extended position differentthan the first position,

the outlet of the ozone generating chamber in communication with anozone inlet to the air compartment,

the piston-forming element movable relative the housing in a cycle ofoperation to draw ozonated air from the chamber into the air compartmentand discharge ozonated air from the air compartment,

the liquid pump operative to draw liquid from the reservoir anddischarge liquid,

a foam generator for simultaneous passage of ozonated air which has beendischarged from the air compartment and fluid which has been dischargedfrom the liquid pump to generate foam for discharge out a dischargeoutlet,

wherein the operation of the air pump is controlled such that a restperiod is provided between successive cycles of operation during whichrest period the piston-forming element is not moved and optionally thepiston-forming element is maintained in the second position.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a dispenser dispensingozone containing foam comprising:

an ozone generator comprising an ozone generating chamber, the ozonegenerating chamber having an air inlet in communication with a source ofair and an outlet, an ozone generator within the ozone generatingchamber to generate ozone from air in the ozone generating chamber byconversion within the ozone generating chamber of oxygen in the airwithin the ozone generating chamber into ozone to form ozonated air,

a fluid containing reservoir containing a fluid capable of foaming,

a liquid pump,

an air pump,

the air pump comprising a piston pump having a piston-forming elementreciprocally coaxially slidable within a piston chamber-forming memberin which an air compartment is formed between the piston-forming elementand the piston chamber-forming member,

the piston-forming element reciprocally movable relative the pistonchamber-forming member in a cycle of operation between a retractedposition and an extended position, the air compartment having a variablevolume which changes from a minimum volume to a maximum volume, thevolume of the air compartment being at the maximum volume when thepiston-forming element is in a first position of the retracted positionand the extended position, the volume of the air compartment being atthe minimum volume when the piston-forming element is in a secondposition of the retracted position and the extended position differentthan the first position,

the outlet of the ozone generating chamber in communication with anozone inlet to the air compartment,

the piston-forming element movable relative the housing in a cycle ofoperation to draw ozonated air from the chamber into the air compartmentand discharge ozonated air from the air compartment,

the liquid pump operative to draw liquid from the reservoir anddischarge liquid,

a foam generator for simultaneous passage of ozonated air which has beendischarged from the air compartment and fluid which has been dischargedfrom the liquid pump to generate foam for discharge out a dischargeoutlet,

an ozone charging stroke is defined as movement from the second positionto the first position and an ozone discharging stroke is defined asmovement from the first position to the second position,

the operation of the ozone generator is controlled such that an amountof ozone required for each cycle of operation of the air pump issubstantially generated by the ozone generator during that cycle ofoperation and a portion of the rest period immediately preceding thatcycle of operation, and

optionally the operation of the ozone generator is controlled such thatinitiating the generation of ozone is initiated in the ozone generatorat a time prior to commencement the charging stroke.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a dispenserdispensing ozone containing foam comprising:

an ozone generator comprising an ozone generating chamber, the ozonegenerating chamber having an air inlet in communication with a source ofair and an outlet, an ozone generator within the ozone generatingchamber to generate ozone from air in the ozone generating chamber byconversion within the ozone generating chamber of oxygen in the airwithin the ozone generating chamber into ozone to form ozonated air,

a fluid containing reservoir containing a fluid capable of foaming,

a liquid pump,

an air pump,

the air pump comprising a piston pump having a piston-forming elementreciprocally coaxially slidable within a piston chamber-forming memberin which an air compartment is formed between the piston-forming elementand the piston chamber-forming member,

the piston-forming element reciprocally movable relative the pistonchamber-forming member in a cycle of operation between a retractedposition and an extended position, the air compartment having a variablevolume which changes from a minimum volume to a maximum volume, thevolume of the air compartment being at the maximum volume when thepiston-forming element is in a first position of the retracted positionand the extended position, the volume of the air compartment being atthe minimum volume when the piston-forming element is in a secondposition of the retracted position and the extended position differentthan the first position, the outlet of the ozone generating chamber incommunication with an ozone inlet to the air compartment,

the piston-forming element movable relative the housing in a cycle ofoperation to draw ozonated air from the chamber into the air compartmentand discharge ozonated air from the air compartment,

the liquid pump operative to draw liquid from the reservoir anddischarge liquid,

a foam generator for simultaneous passage of ozonated air which has beendischarged from the air compartment and fluid which has been dischargedfrom the liquid pump to generate foam for discharge out a dischargeoutlet,

an ozone charging stroke is defined as movement from the second positionto the first position and an ozone discharging stroke is defined asmovement from the first position to the second position,

the operation of the ozone generator is controlled such that a volume ofozonated air required for at least one cycle of operation of the airpump is maintained within the ozone chamber at all times prior to acharging stroke with an ozone concentration which meets a desired limitby controlling the operation ozone generator to generate ozone duringcycles of operation and rest periods when either an ozone sensorindicates that the concentration of ozone in the ozone generatingchamber is below a desired level, or a controller for the dispenserindicates that additional ozone is required by the controller estimatingthe ozone in the ozone chamber by monitoring one or more of the time ofand number of cycles of the air pump over time, the time of and amountof ozone generated over time, and the time of and amount of ozonedecayed to oxygen with time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will be apparentfrom the following description taken together with the accompanyingdrawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a partially cut-away side view of a first preferred embodimentof a fluid dispenser in accordance with the first aspect of the presentinvention as mounted to a wall with an actuator lever in a forward restposition and showing a first embodiment of an electrical generator;

FIG. 2 is a side view the same as FIG. 1 but showing the actuator leverin a rear position;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the pump assembly in the fluiddispenser shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of portions of FIG. 1 showing the firstembodiment of the electrical generator;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along section line 5-5 shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an electrical circuit of thedispenser of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a schematic pictorial view of a second embodiment of anelectrical generator mechanism coupled to the actuator lever of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a schematic exploded pictorial view showing a secondembodiment of a gear train for the electrical generator mechanism ofFIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a dispensing apparatus in accordance witha third embodiment of this invention using a fuel cell as an electricalgenerator mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a dispensing apparatus in accordance witha fourth embodiment of the present invention using a fuel cell as anelectrical generator mechanism;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a dispensing apparatus in accordance witha filth embodiment of the present invention using a fuel cell as anelectrical generator mechanism.

FIG. 12 is a side view of a sixth embodiment of a fluid dispenser of thepresent invention;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of portions of FIG. 12 showing a furtherembodiment of the electrical generator comprising a stack ofpiezoelectric harvesters;

FIG. 14 is a schematic pictorial view of one prior art piezoelectricharvester shown in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a dispenser in accordance with aseventh embodiment of the present invention fully assembled;

FIG. 16 is an exploded view illustrating an integral housing member andpresser member with a removable support plate member for the dispenserof FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the support member also shown in FIG.16;

FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional side view through the dispenserof FIG. 15 showing the bottle in a seated position relative to thehousing member;

FIG. 19 is an enlarged cross-sectional side view of portions of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional side view the same as FIG. 19, however,showing the presser member pivoted inwardly;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional side view along section line 8-8 of thespring elements in FIG. 19;

FIG. 22 shows a relationship between voltage generated by the generatorof FIGS. 1 and 2 and time;

FIG. 23 is a schematic cross-sectional side view showing the combinationof: a piston pump assembly in accordance with an eighth embodiment ofthe present invention with the piston in a fully extended position; afluid containing reservoir; and an ultraviolet radiation emitter;

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional side view of the pump assembly the same asin FIG. 23 but with the piston in a fully retracted position;

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the piston of the pump assembly shownin FIG. 23;

FIG. 26 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a ninth embodimentshowing an automated fluid dispenser incorporating a pump assembly,reservoir and emitter as shown in FIG. 23;

FIG. 27 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tenth embodimentshowing a manually operated fluid dispenser incorporating the pumpassembly, reservoir and emitter of FIG. 23;

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional side view showing an eleventh embodiment ofa pump assembly in a retracted position in combination with a dispenserand emitter;

FIG. 29 is a schematic elevation view of the front of a dispenser inaccordance with a twelfth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a pictorial rear view of the pump assembly of FIG. 29;

FIG. 31 is a front perspective exploded view of the pump of FIG. 29;

FIG. 32 is a rear view in cross-section through the mixing pump shown inFIG. 29;

FIG. 33 shows a thirteenth embodiment of a dispenser using a coronadischarge unit in combination with a rotary foam pump;

FIG. 34 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fourteenth embodimentof a dispenser for dispensing ozone foam using a corona discharge unitin combination with a piston pump and showing the piston pump in awithdrawn position;

FIG. 35 is a view the same as FIG. 34 but showing the piston pump in aretracted position;

FIG. 36 is an enlarged pictorial view of the corona discharge unit shownin FIG. 34;

FIG. 37 is an exploded view of the corona discharge unit shown in FIG.36;

FIG. 38 is a side pictorial view of the corona discharge unit of FIG. 36as seen below section line X-X′ in FIG. 36; and

FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional side view showing a fifteenth embodiment ofa dispenser using a corona discharge unit in a partially explodedconfiguration.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference is made to FIGS. 1 and 2 which show a dispenser assembly 10mounted to a wall 11. The dispenser assembly 10 includes a dispenser 12and a back housing 13. The dispenser 12 includes a front housing 14which carries and supports a reservoir bottle 15, a pump assembly 16 anda lever assembly 17. The dispenser 12 is mounted via its front housing14 to the front of the back housing 13 and the back housing 13 ismounted to the wall 11.

The dispenser 12 comprises a manually operated fluid dispensersubstantially the same as that disclosed in the applicant's U.S. Pat.No. 5,489,044 to Ophardt issued Feb. 6, 1996, the disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference. The back housing 13 is shown toschematically carry an electrical generator 18 as well as an electricalstorage device 44 coupled to the generator 18 to store electrical powergenerated by the generator 18, a controller 62, a dispenser sensor unit46 for detecting information about the dispenser 12, and a datacommunications unit 48 in communication with the dispenser unit 46 andconfigured for receiving information from the dispenser sensor unit 46and for transmitting information.

The front housing 14 is shown to have a bottom support plate 19 toreceive and support the bottle 15 and the pump assembly 16. The supportplate 19 has a circular opening therethrough. The bottle 15 sitssupported on the support plate 19 with a neck 21 of the bottle extendingthrough the opening and secured in the opening as by friction tit.

The pump assembly 16 has a construction as illustrated in FIG. 3 astaught, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,044 to Ophardt, issued Feb.6, 1996, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.The pump assembly 16 includes a piston chamber-forming member 22 securedin the neck 21 of the bottle 15. The piston chamber-forming member 22carries a one-way valve member 23 and an axially reciprocal pistonmember 24 such that in a known manner reciprocal axial movement of thepiston member 24 within the piston chamber-forming, member 22 willdispense fluid 25 within the bottle 15 out a discharge outlet 26 of thepiston member 24.

The front housing 14 carries a lever assembly 17 which includes anactivating lever 27, a spring 28, and a rigid link 29. The actuatinglever 27 is mounted to the bottom support plate 19 for pivoting about ahorizontal lever pivot axis 30 with the spring 28 disposed between thebottom support plate 19 and the actuating lever 27 to urge the actuatinglever 27 to pivot clockwise as shown.

The actuating lever 27 includes a manual engagement handle 31, a hookmember 32 and a rear extension arm 50. The actuating lever 27 carriesforward and downward from the pivot axis 30, the manual engagementhandle 31 for engagement by a user to move the actuating lever 27counterclockwise against the bias of the spring 28. The actuating lever27 carries rearwardly from the lever pivot axis 30 the hook member 32which engages an engagement flange 33 on the piston member 24 such thatwith pivoting of the actuating lever 27 to different positions about thelever pivot axis 30, the piston member 24 slides axially within thepiston chamber-forming member 22. The actuating lever 27 carries theextension arm 50 so as to extend rearwardly past the hook member 32 to arear end 34. The rear end 34 is pivotally coupled to the link 29 forrelative pivoting about a horizontal link pivot axis 35 at a first end36 of the link 29. A second end 37 of the link 29 is pivotally connectedto a lower first end of a magnet 40 for relative pivoting about a secondhorizontal link pivot axis 41.

Reference is made to FIG. 1 which shows the pump assembly 16 with itspiston member 24 in an extended position as biased to this position byreason of the actuating lever 27 being biased clockwise by the spring28. With the dispenser assembly 10 in the rest position as shown in FIG.1, a user may activate the dispenser 12 preferably by manually urging,with the rear of an upwardly facing palm of a user's hand 42 shown inFIG. 2, the engagement handle 31 rearwardly towards the wall 11 with thepalm and fingers under the discharge outlet 26. In such movement, theactuating lever 27 is pivoted counterclockwise relative to the bottomsupport plate 19 against the bias of the spring 28 with the hook member32 moving the piston member 24 axially inwardly into the pistonchamber-forming member 22 and with the rear end 34 of the extension arm50 of the actuating lever 27 being moved upwardly moving the link 29upwardly and sliding the magnet 40 upwardly.

The electrical generator 18 includes the magnet 40, a wire coil 50 and acylindrical slide tube 52. As may be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, the magnet40 is shown to be generally cylindrical and coaxially slidable within acylindrical passageway 54 provided within the slide tube 52. The magnet40 is a permanent magnet having, as illustrated, a north pole N at oneaxial end and a south pole S at the other axial end. The wire coil 50 isonly schematically shown but comprises a winding of insulated wire,preferably insulated copper wire within an annular groove in the slidetube 52. The wire coil 50 comprises a continuous length of such wireextending from a first end 56 to a second end 57. Electrical energy isgenerated as by current which moves through the wire when the magnet 40moves inside the passageway 54 through the wire core 18.

In a cycle of operation of the dispenser assembly 10, the actuatinglever 27 is manually moved from the forward rest position in FIG. 1 tothe rear position in FIG. 2 and when released by the hand of a user, theactuating lever 27 then returns under the bias of the spring 28 to theforward rest position. In the cycle of movement of the actuating lever27, as seen by comparing FIGS. 1 and 2, the magnet 40 is moved from aposition below the coil 50 through the coil 50 to a position above thecoil 50 and then back through the coil 50 to a position below the coil50. Such cyclical movement of the magnet 40 relative to the coil 50generates electricity in a manner to be understood by a person skilledin the art and is briefly explained with reference to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 isa schematic diagram illustrating the wire coil 50 as having the ends 56and 57 of its wire connected to a bridge rectifier 42 which, in turn, isconnected with an electrical storage device 44 illustrated in FIG. 6 asbeing a capacitor. In a simple sense, as the magnet 40 passes throughthe wire coil 50, a sinusoidal voltage wave is created between the twowires 56 and 57 thus generating an alternating current. Each sinusoidalwave is converted into a pair of positive waves by bridge rectifier 42.These positive waves charge the capacitor 44 which accumulatesadditional charge with each pass of the magnet 40.

The capacitor 44 is schematically illustrated as providing power to anelectronically operated controller 62. The dispenser control unit 46 isonly schematically illustrated but in the preferred embodiment is acounter which counts the number of times that the lever 27 is actuated.The counter 46 preferably operates by sensing the change in magneticfield which arises each time the magnet 40 is moved to an upper positionand then withdrawn therefrom.

The data communications unit 48 is schematically illustrated in FIGS. 1and 2 and intended to receive information from the dispenser sensor unit46, preferably via the controller 62, and to transmit informationwirelessly as to a wireless receiver 68. The controller 62 isschematically illustrated as receiving power from the electrical storagedevice 44 and coupling the dispenser sensor unit 46 and the datacommunication unit 48 for exchange of information and for powering ofeach for their operation. FIG. 2 schematically shows the data dispensingunit 48 as having an antenna 64 for transmitting information wirelesslyto the antenna 66 of a remote wireless receiver 68 only schematicallyshown. The receiver 68 preferably also comprises a wireless hubinterconnecting with a computer 69 that preferably employs a web browserfor viewing information sent via the hub.

The embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrates the dispenser 12 ascomprising a separate unit from the back housing 13. This arrangementcan be advantageous so as to modify an existing manual dispenser 12 byproviding a suitable back housing 13 and modifying the actuating lever27 of the housing 14 so as to provide the rear extension arm 50 to theactuating lever 27. In this manner, a known existing manual dispenser 12may be retrofitted by coupling a suitable back housing 13 thereto andprovide a combination in which there is a capability of transmittinginformation preferably wirelessly. In an alternate arrangement, thefront housing 14 and the back housing 13 may be combined so as toprovide in a single housing the capability of transmitting informationpreferably wirelessly. Of course, insofar as there may be a singlehousing, at the time of manufacture, a selection can be made as towhether or not the manual dispenser 12 may or may not be provided withall the components necessary for providing transmission of information.

Reference is made to FIG. 7 which schematically illustrates a secondembodiment of an electrical generator 18 coupled to the actuating lever27. In FIG. 7, the actuating lever 27 is only partially shown. Theactuating lever 27 is pivotable about the pivot axis 30 with activatinglever 27 fixedly secured to an axle member 70. The axle member 70rotates a one-way clutch 71 which rotates an input gear 72 whichtransfers motion to an intermediate gear 73. The intermediate gear 73receives motion from the input gear 71 via a small diameter wheel 74 andtransfers motions from the input gear 71 to an alternator assembly 77via a large diameter gear 75 which meshes with a small diameter rotorgear, not clearly shown on the bottom of a rotor 79 of the alternatorassembly 77. The rotor 79 is in the form of a flattened cup with adownwardly extending boss and with the small diameter rotor gear mountedon this boss. The intermediate gear 73 transfers motions from the inputgear 72 to the alternator assembly 77 and, at the same time, increasesthe relatively low speed input from the input gear to a higher speedoutput. The alternator rotor 79 has mounted therein magnetic segments 80which provide the rotor poles. An alternator stator 78 carries on itsradial arms copper windings which are not shown. The alternatorpreferably uses a three phase stator winding with nine stator teeth andtwelve rotor pulls making in total six pull pairs. The stator 76 ispreferably made up of a number of laminations of thin steel. In a knownmanner, with rotation of the rotor 79 relative the stator 78 electricalenergy is generated. The output from the alternator assembly is taken toa rectification module, not shown, which houses a three phase rectifierwhich converts the three phase alternating current power output from thealternator assembly to direct current. The output from the rectificationmodule is supplied to a storage device to accept energy in electronicformat.

Reference is made to FIG. 8 which is a schematic exploded pictorial viewshowing an alternate manner for connection of the lever 27 to theone-way clutch 71. In FIG. 8, fixedly connected to the lever 27 forpivoting therewith about the axis 30 is a toothed rack 81 for engagementwith a rack engaging gear 82 fixedly connected to an axle member 83 uponwhich the one-way clutch 71 is fixedly engaged. As is the case in bothFIGS. 7 and 8, the one-way clutch 71 is adapted to be received coaxiallyinside the input gear 72 such that rotation of the one-way clutch 71 ina counterclockwise direction rotates the input gear 72, however,rotation of the one-way clutch 72 in the opposite clockwise directiondoes not rotate the input gear 72. The provision of the one-way clutch71 as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is not necessary and the output from thelever may be connected directly to the input gear 51. Providing theone-way clutch 71 is advantageous insofar as the gearing arrangementprovides as in the manner of a fly wheel for continued rotation of therotor 79 due to the inertia of the rotor and the gear train afterinitial movement by the lever 27 on a user manually moving the lever andwithout the need for the spring 28 on returning the lever 27 to the restposition to stop the rotation of the gear train and move the gear trainin a reverse direction.

Reference is made first to FIG. 9 which is a schematic view of adispenser apparatus 10 in accordance with a third embodiment of thepresent invention and incorporating as the electric generator 18 a fuelcell 84 open at an outlet. The reservoir 15 has flexible walls 105,preferably made of flexible recyclable plastic sheet material.

The fuel cell 84 comprises a fuel electrode 86, an electrolyte 88 and anon-fuel electrode 90. A fluid passageway 92 extends through the fuelelectrode 86 so as to place fluid from the reservoir 15 intocommunication and contact with the fuel electrode 86. The fluidpassageway 92 extends from an inlet 94 to an outlet 96. With the outletof the reservoir 15 connected to the passageway inlet 94, fluid passesthrough the fluid passageway 92 to the passageway outlet 96.

A non-fuel passageway 98 extends through the non-fuel electrode 90 toplace atmospheric air containing oxygen into communication with thenon-fuel electrode and permit water created at the non-fuel electrode toexit the non-fuel passageway 98. The non-filet passageway extends froman inlet 100 to an outlet 102. Air may enter the non-fuel passageway 98via inlet 100 and, if necessary, water may exit the non-fuel passageway98 under the influence of gravity via outlet 102.

A manual piston pump assembly 16 similar to that shown in FIG. 1 has aninlet connected to the outlet 96 of the fluid passageway 92. When thepump assembly 16 is operated by a user, fluid is fluid is drawn from thereservoir 10 through the fuel cell 84 via the fluid passageway 92 anddischarged for use as, for example, onto a user's hand out of the pumpoutlet 26.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a simple electrical circuit including a firstlead wire 56 connecting the filet electrode 86 to the electrical storageelement 44 and a second lead wire 57 connecting the non-fuel electrode90 and the electrical storage element 44. In known manner with the fuelcell in an operative condition such that the two electrodes areelectrically connected across the electrical storage element 44 thencurrent flow between the electrodes will generate electrical energywhich may be captured by the electrical storage element 44. Theelectrical storage element 44 may include suitable control or conversioncomponents to assist in optimizing receipt of electrical energy from thefuel cell 84 as, for example, a control arrangement to render the fuelcell inoperative if additional electrical energy is not at any timerequired. As in a similar manner to that described with reference to thefirst embodiment of FIG. 1, the dispensing apparatus 10 includes acontroller 62, a dispenser sensor unit 46 for detecting informationabout the dispenser 12, and a data communications unit 48 incommunication with the dispenser unit 46 and configured for receivinginformation from the dispenser sensor unit 46 and for transmittinginformation.

In a known manner, the fuel cell whether an acid electrolyte fuel cellor an alkaline electrolyte fuel cell preferably chemically convertscomponents in the fluid at the fuel electrode 86 at the same time thatoxygen from the air is consumed at the non-fuel electrode, typically toproduce water.

As contrasted with the embodiments of FIG. 9 in which the fuel cell 84of the electrical generator 18 is upstream of the pump 16, FIG. 10 showsa fifth embodiment in which the fuel cell 84 is downstream of themanually operated pump 16 with fluid to pass through the fluidpassageway 92 in the fuel electrode 86 after exiting the pump outlet 26.The pump 16 is only schematically shown in FIG. 10.

Reference is made to FIG. 11 which shows another dispensing apparatus 10in which the electrical generator 18 comprises a fuel cell 84 inaccordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11, the reservoir 15 comprises acollapsible bag formed of sheet materials and open merely at its outlet.The flexible reservoir 15 is effectively formed with two compartments.The reservoir 10 has two flexible outside walls 105 and 107 and aninterior dividing wall 109 also made of the fluid and gas impermeableflexible sheet material. The dividing wall 109 has a central openingtherethrough within which there is sealably received a three layer fuelcell 84 comprising membranes comprising a first electrode 86, anelectrolyte 88 and a second electrode 90. The dividing wall 109 and thefirst wall 105 form a first compartment 108 which is filled with fluid25 such that the fluid 25 is in contact with the first electrode 86. Thedividing wall 109 and the second wall 107 form a second compartment 110open to the second electrode 90. The dividing wall 109 seatably engagesone or more of the first electrode 86, electrolyte 88 and secondelectrode 90 so as to provide the first compartment 108 sealed from thesecond compartment 110. The first compartment 108 is initially filledwith fluid and will collapse on the fluid being dispensed. The secondcompartment 110 is initially collapsed and is intended to receive andbecome expanded by the generation of gas at the second electrode 90 withchemical conversion of the fluid. Separating the gas in the secondcompartment from the fluid 25 in the first compartment 108 can beadvantageous to ensure that the presence of gas in the fluid 25 does notimpair the operation of the cell in producing electricity.

With the initial volume of the fluid placed in the reservoir bag to fillthe bag, the bag may be sized to provide for adequate additional space,if necessary, to accommodate gases which may be produced. Creation ofgas pressure within the reservoir 15 can assist in the expelling offluid from the reservoir.

One preferred fluid for use as fuel is a fluid containing alcoholcompounds, most preferably, ethanol which is also known as ethylalcohol.

Alcohol compounds may be selected from the group comprising a methylalcohol (also known as methanol), ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol,isopropyl alcohol (also known as isopropanol), butyl alcohol, isobutylalcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol,ethylene propylene glycol, glycerol (also known as glycerine) and benzylalcohol. Preferred such alcohol compounds may be those which arenon-toxic and have lower flammability. Commercially availabledisinfectants and cleaners are known which comprise substantial portionsof such alcohol compounds. For example, Gojo Industries of Akron, Ohio,has a product by the name “Purell” (trade name) instant hand sanitizerdry hands formula which is a liquid and includes about 62% of ethanol,in the range of about 10% of isopropanol and about 3% of glycerin. Otheruseful fluids as a fuel would be water/ethanol mixtures that areeffectively equivalent to automotive windshield wiper fluids. Otherfluids which would be useful include alcohol beverages for liquidconsumption such as vodka which has a sufficiently high alcohol content.

The fuel cell may be an acid electrolyte fuel cell with the fuel beingchemically converted to release hydrogen ions which pass through theelectrolyte to the non-fuel electrode which then combined with oxygen toform water at the non-fuel electrode and by which electrons flow betweenthe non-fuel electrode and the fuel electrode. However, the fuel cellcould also function as an alkaline electrolytic cell with hydroxy ionsto pass through the electrolyte.

Reference is made to FIG. 12 which illustrates a dispenser 12 identicalto that in FIG. 1 with the exception that the electric generator 18 isshown in FIG. 12 is a piezoelectric electric generator rather than anelectromagnetic induction electric generator. As seen in FIGS. 12 and 13a plurality of piezoelectric harvesters 601, 602, 603, 604, 605 and 606are arranged in a stack and are adopted to be compressed verticallybetween an upper stop surface 610 of the back housing 13 and a pressplate 612 connected to the second end 37 of the link 29 by the secondhorizontal link pivot 41 on a user manually urging the engagement handle31 rearwardly. Compression of each piezoelectric harvester 601 to 606which are electrically connected in series generates electrical powerdelivered via wires 56 and 57 to a suitable electrical component 42.

One piezoelectric harvester 601 is shown in prior art FIG. 14 anddisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,407,486 to Oliver et al, issued Jun. 18,2002 the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. FIG. 14 showsa plate 702 of piezoelectric material and two force amplifiers 704 and706 are bonded to opposite surfaces of the plate. The plate 702 has apolarization along its thickness. The plate 702 has major surfaces 716and 718 covered by electrode coatings 720 and 722 from which leads 56and 57 extend. When the plate 702 is stretched along its length avoltage is produces across the major surfaces 716 and 718 bypiezoelectric effect. The force amplifiers 704 and 706 are stiff metalsheets which are bonded at their ends 730, 732, 734 and 736 to theelectrodes and elevated at their centers 738 and 740. A mechanical fenceF applied at the center 738 and 740 is translated into a mechanicaltension “T” along the length of the plate 702.

Reference is now made to the seventh embodiment of a dispenser inaccordance with the present invention as illustrated in FIGS. 15 to 21.In the seventh embodiment, similar reference numerals are used to referto elements similar to elements in the first embodiment. The secondembodiment illustrates a soap dispenser similar to that disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 7,568,598 to Ophardt et al, issued Aug. 4, 2009 thedisclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The secondembodiment shows a dispenser assembly 10 comprising a dispensing unit 12adapted to be removably coupled to a wall plate 200 shown in FIG. 18.The dispensing unit 12 comprises an assembly of a reservoir bottle 15, apiston pump assembly 16, a housing 14. The housing 14 is formed as anintegral member having a housing member 219 joined by a living hinge 263to a presser member 261 for relative pivoting about a hinge axis 262 asseen in FIG. 16. A support member 260 is removably secured to thehousing member 219 to be securely received therein as, for example, tobe assembled as illustrated in side view in FIG. 18 with a front edge ofa support shelf 264 being received in a support slotway 220 on a frontwall 221 of the housing member 219 and with a lowermost portion 222 ofeach side wall 223 and 224 of the support member 260 received in supportchannels 225 and 226 provided at the rear lower edge of the side walls227 and 228 of the housing member 219. When the support member 260 isassembled to the housing member 219, the support member 260 iseffectively fixedly secured to the housing member 219 against relativemovement and provides a housing sub-assembly.

The piston pump assembly 16 comprises a piston chamber-forming member 22secured in the neck of the bottle 15 and a piston member 24. Thereservoir bottle 15 with the piston pump assembly 16 pre-attachedthereto as a bottle sub-assembly is coupled to the housing sub-assemblywith the neck of the bottle 15 extending through the elongate opening278 of the support shelf 264, and two resilient piston catch fingers 284and 285 carried on the presser member 261 engaging an engagement flange257 of the piston member 24 to couple the piston member 24 for movementwith the presser member 261.

The support member 260 carries two elongate spring members 300 and 301provided on the support member 260 carried on the shelf 264 andextending from a rear end on the shelf 264 forwardly and away from theshelf 264 to distal forward ends 302 and 303. The presser member 261also carries two elongate ramp members 360 and 361 carried by the shelf269 of the presser member 261 and extending from a forward end of theshelf 269 rearwardly and upwardly away from the shelf 269 such that theramp members 360 and 361 extend out of the plane of the shelf 269. Theramp members 360 and 361 have distal second forward ends to engage thedistal forward ends 302 and 303 of the spring members 300 and 301provided on the support member 260. As seen in FIG. 16, the springmembers 360 and 361 are provided outwardly from each of the piston catchfingers 284 and 285.

As seen in FIG. 16, the presser member 261 carries on its rear wall 271two rearwardly extending hook-like catch members 294 and 295 which areadapted to be received in two slots 296 and 297 provided in the rearwall 266 of the support member 260. Each of the slots 296 and 297 have ablind end to engage with the catch members 294 and 295 on the pressermember 261 and prevent pivoting of the presser member 261 away from thesupport member 260 beyond a fully extended position shown in FIGS. 18and 19. From the extended position of the presser member 261 relative tothe support member 60 shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the presser member 261may be pivoted about the hinge axis 262 to a retracted position asillustrated in FIG. 20. Reciprocal movement in a cycle between theextended position of FIG. 19 and the retracted position of FIG. 20 willmove the piston member 14 of the pump assembly 16 relative the pistonchamber forming member 22 and dispense fluid from the bottle 15. In therange of movement between the extended position shown in FIG. 19 and theretracted position shown in FIG. 20, the spring members 300 and 301 onthe support member 260 engage the ramp members 360 and 361 on thepresser member 261 and bias the presser member 261 to pivot about thehinge axis 262 towards the extended position.

Reference is made to FIG. 21 which illustrates a cross-sectional sideview through the spring member 300 and the ramp member 360 along sectionlines 8-8 in FIG. 19. As seen, the spring member 300 has an elongate web352 and a pair of parallel flanges or leg members 350 and 351 extendingnormal to the web 352. The ramp member 360 of the presser member 261similarly have an elongate web 364 and three parallel leg members 365,367 and 369 extending normal to the web 364. As seen in cross-section inFIG. 21, the flange-like legs 350 and 352 of the spring member 300 ofthe support member 260 are received in the channels 366 and 368 betweenthe legs 365, 367 and 369 of the ramp member 360 contacting the web 364therebetween. Similarly, the three legs 365, 367 and 369 of the springmember 260 engage the web 352 of the spring member 300 on either side ofthe legs 350 and 351. The legs 350 and 351 on the spring member 300effectively form with the portion of the web 352 therebetween a U-shapedmember. Any two of the legs 365, 367 and 369 with the web 364therebetween also form a U-shape member on ramp member 360. The nestingof a leg of the spring member in the channel between the legs of theramp member provide an advantageous structure such that the springmembers 300, 301 which engage the ramp members 360, 361, respectively,will be maintained longitudinally of each other with displacementprevented of one member laterally relative another member that they willnot become disengaged from each other.

As seen in side view in FIGS. 19 and 20, the extent to which any one ofthe flange-like legs 350, 351 extends from the webs 352 is greatest at afirst end of the respective spring member 300 where it is coupled to thesupport member 260 and decreases towards its remote distal end. This isbelieved to be advantageous to distribute the locations where the springmember 300 may resiliently deform.

Each spring member 300 and 301 and each ramp member 160 and 161 extendslongitudinally about a longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axis isschematically illustrated respectively as 370 and 371 for the members300 and 360 in FIG. 21 and extending the length of each spring member300, 360 centrally along its respective web 352, 364. In deflection ofthe spring members, the spring members are resiliently deflectable froman unbiased condition to a deflected condition in a direction generallynormal to this longitudinal and preferably in any spring memberdeflecting between the unbiased condition and the deflected conditionsin moving the longitudinal of the spring member remains disposed in acommon, flat plane illustrated, for example, as 372 in FIG. 21. The flatplane 372 in which the longitudinal of the spring member 300 movespreferably is normal to the hinge axis 262.

As best seen in FIGS. 19 and 20, each of the webs of the spring members300 and the ramp member 360 extend from their respective first end as arelatively curved portion merging into a relatively straight portionproximate their distal end. The straight portions of the opposed members300 and 360 overlap where there is engagement between the opposedmembers and with pivoting of the presser member 261 relative to thesupport member 260, the straight portions of each spring members 300 and360 are permitted to slide longitudinally relative the ramp members 160,161.

The seventh embodiment illustrates the spring members and ramp membersbeing formed as integral elements with the presser member 261 or supportmember 260 from which they depend. This is not necessary and each ofthese members could be provided as a separate element. The seventhembodiment shows a dispenser assembly 10 with the presser member 261formed integrally with the housing member 219. This is not necessary.

The cantilevered spring members and ramp members need not be made fromplastic material but be made, from other materials including springmetal, preferably, continuing to have a similar shape as to the webs andlegs. Whether or not the spring members may be formed from plastic orfrom other materials such as metal, the construction of the springmember to extend along this longitudinal, adapted to deflect normal tothe longitudinal and including the web having legs extending away fromthe web, preferably perpendicular thereto and parallel to itslongitudinal, is an advantageous configuration.

The spring member 300 shown in FIG. 21 comprises a composite of aplastic member, preferably integrally formed with the presser member 261or support member 260 from which it depends, together with a metalspring strip 374 and, as a key component of the electrical generator 18,a piezoelectric harvester 701. In this regard, FIG. 21 shows the springmember 300 as having an elongate open channel 377 disposed along thelength of its web 352 provided with opposed slots 373 in each side wallof the channel 371 to extend the length of the spring member 300. Themetal spring strip 374 is a flat thin elongate strip of spring metalwhich is received in the slots 373 and extends across the channel 377.The piezoelectric harvester 701 is secured in the channel 377 outwardlyof the strip 374. The spring metal strip 374 has an inherent tendency toassume a preset configuration. The strip 370, while not necessary, isadvantageous to ensure that the spring member 300 will maintainoperative spring characteristics as, for example, under temperatureconditions beyond that normally to be experienced in heated and airconditioned work and living premises, and for extended periods of time.The spring member 300 together with its spring metal strip 374 andpiezoelectric harvester 701 are bent along the longitudinal 370 withmovement of the presser member 231 between the positions of FIGS. 19 and20. The spring metal strip 374 and the piezoelectric harvester 701extend longitudinally of the spring member 300 in the channel 377 overthe longitudinal portion of the spring member 300 that are bent withmovement of the presser member 231 between the position of FIGS. 19 and20.

The piezoelectric harvester 701 creates an electrical voltage when bent,for example, as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 3,500,451 to Yando, issued Jun.29, 1967 the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. Thepiezoelectric harvester 701 can be utilized to generate electricalenergy as it is bent by the forces applied by the user to move thespring member 300 to a deflected and/or as the spring member 300returns, from a deflected condition to a rest position under itsinherent bias.

While not shown in FIGS. 15 to 21 a manner similar to that in the firstembodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, electrical leads 57 and 57 from thepiezoelectric harvester 701 are to be delivered to an arrangement forstoring and using the electrical power generated including for example acapacitor 44, dispenser control unit 46 and data communication unit 48as shown in FIG. 1 which may be provided within the housing 319 or inthe wall plate 200.

The ramp members 360 and 361 are preferably rigid and do not deflect.Rigidity can be provided as shown in FIG. 21 by incorporating in theramp member 360 a rigid metal beam member 376 which extends along thelength of the ramp member 360 and prevents bending of the ramp member360 such that in movement between the extended position of FIG. 19 andthe retracted position on FIG. 20 merely spring members 300 and 301carrying the piezoelectric harvester are deflected. This is notnecessary however and the ramp members 360 and 361 could also beelongate deflectable cantilevered spring members and may carry similarpiezoelectric harvesters.

While the embodiments describe the electrical storage device 44 as beinga capacitor, various other forms of energy storage devices may be usedsuch as rechargeable batteries such as nickel cadmium, nickel metalhydride, lithium ion and lithium polymer rechargeable batteries.

The preferred embodiments illustrate but two versions of electromagneticelectrical generators, one for generating electricity by linear movementand another for generating electricity by rotary movement. It is to beappreciated that various other forms of electrical generators may beused coupled to dispenser 12 such that the cyclical movement of theactuating lever to dispense product results in the generation ofelectricity. The particular nature of the types of electrical generatorswhich may be used is not limited.

The preferred embodiments illustrate hut two arrangements ofpiezoelectric generators, one disposed between a lever and a housing andthe other disposed in a deflectable spring beam. Many other arrangementsfor use and placement of piezoelectric generators are possible such thatthe manual forces applied to the dispenser create stress in apiezoelectric harvester.

The preferred embodiments show the use of a lever pivotable about apivot axis as an actuator mechanism to activate the dispensingmechanism. Such actuator members are not limited to levers and manyother forms of actuating members may be used including a slide memberslidable along a slide path and a rotatable member journalled forrotation about a journal axis. The actuator mechanism may utilize acombination of mechanical force conveying arrangements.

The preferred embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrates the dispensersensor unit 46 as being a counter which counts the number of times thatthe lever 27 is cycled. The number of cycles of the lever 27 can be usedas an indication as to whether or not the bottle 15 may be empty offluid. For example, with knowledge of the approximate dosage that thepump assembly 16 will dispense with each cycling of the lever 27, acalculation can be made as to the number of cyclings of the lever 27that will result in the bottle 15 being substantially emptied. Thedispenser sensor unit 46 can count the number of cycles which count canbe used to generate an empty signal when a maximum number of cycles hasbeen exceeded since last replacement of the bottle 15, which maximumnumber of cycles can be considered to represent an indication that thebottle 15 needs to be replaced. When this empty signal is generated, theinformation can be communicated to the data communication unit 48 whichcan transmit the information as a suitable signal wirelessly to thereceiver 68. A mechanism for resetting the counter with replacement ofthe bottle may be provided.

The preferred embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 teaches a dispenser sensorunit 46 merely adapted for counting the number of cycles of theactuating lever 27. However, in accordance with the present invention,the dispenser sensor unit 46 may sense one or more of a wide variety ofinformation about the dispensing apparatus, its use, and environmentincluding without limitation any one or more of the following:

-   -   i) an indication as to whether the bottle 15 is full;    -   ii) an indication as to the last time that the lever 27 was        activated;    -   iii) an indication as to the date when the dispensing unit was        first activated;    -   iv) an indication as to when the bottle was last replaced;    -   v) measurement of the fluid level in the bottle;    -   vi) information about the nature of bottle 15 which is placed in        the dispenser and its fluid 25 and labelling on the bottle 15;    -   vii) information about the nature of the dispenser;    -   viii) information about the persons using the dispenser; and    -   ix) room temperature and humidity.

Dispenser sensor unit 46 could employ a wide variety of differentsensors capable of determining product low conditions including infraredsensors, mechanical levers and mechanical strain gauges.

Reference is made to FIG. 22 which is a graph showing on a vertical axisthe voltage and on the horizontal axis time. FIG. 22 illustrates thevoltage generated with time by the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 with T1representing the time at the beginning of the cycle with the dispenserassembly in the extended position shown in FIG. 2, T2 representing thetime during cycle after the compression stroke when the dispenserassembly is in the retracted position shown in FIG. 2 and T3representing the end of a cycle after the extension stroke when underthe influence of the spring the lever is returned to the extendedposition shown in FIG. 1. Since electrical energy is defined by theformula E=VC where “E” is the electrical energy, “V” is the voltage and“C” is the current, similar graphs could be developed for the electricalenergy generated to show either the current or the voltage as developedduring the cycle. In FIG. 22, the duration of the compression stroke isthe time between T1 and T2 and the duration of the extension stroke isthe time between T2 and T3. While the relative duration of the extensionstroke and the compression stroke will depend on the manner of operationand the configuration of the dispenser, generally it is considered thatape/son using the dispenser in FIGS. 1 and 2 would, in a relativelyshort period of time in the compression stroke, move the lever from theextended position to the retracted position and thereafter the springdue to its inherent resiliency would move the device in the extensionstroke from the retracted position to the extended position with theextension stroke being longer than the retraction stroke. FIG. 22 showsthat voltage is generated in the embodiment in FIGS. 1 and 2 in both thecompression stroke and the extension stroke. The system and itscircuitry can be selected and controlled so as to harvest energy inmerely one or both of these strokes. Merely harvesting energy in theretraction stroke while a user is moving the lever can be advantageoussuch that the return spring need not have any additional load arisingdue to electrical energy generation in the extension stroke.

When electrical energy is generated, one or more of the features of theenergy generated may be measured so as to produce a measured result. Thefeature to be measured may be selected from the group consisting of afeature of the voltage of the energy generated, a feature of the currentof the energy generated and a feature of the energy generated orcombination of these. Thus, for example, as seen in FIG. 22 with thevoltage the measured feature may include the existence of a pulse of oneor more of current, voltage or energy; a duration of a pulse of one ormore of a current, voltage or energy and a feature of pulse of one ormore of the current, voltage or energy including features such as theduration of a pulse, the amplitude of a pulse and the average value of apulse. The measured feature may also be selected from a peak voltage orcurrent level generated within a time period, a peak rate of generationof electrical energy, and a summation of the voltage, current orelectrical energy generated within a time period.

The measured result of the feature of the energy generated can be usedin accordance with the present invention to provide an estimated amountof the fluid discharged.

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a method ofoperation of a fluid dispensing apparatus of each of the sevenembodiments of the present invention with the method comprising thesteps of (a) moving an actuation mechanism to cause the discharge offluid by activating a dispensing apparatus and to generate electricalenergy with the generator, (b) measuring at least one feature of theenergy generated to produce a measured result and (c) estimating as afunction of said measured result an estimated amount of fluiddischarged. The estimated amount of fluid discharged may be for any oneindividual stroke or for a series of successive strokes over time. As inthe preferred embodiments, the fluid dispensing apparatus for use in amethod in accordance with the present invention preferably contains adispensing mechanism which on activation causes fluid, as from areservoir, to be discharged, and for activation for a dispensingmechanism by movement of an activation mechanism between differentrelative positions, with the activation mechanism adapted for engagementby a user to move the activation mechanism and an electrical generatorfor generating electricity with the electrical generator coupled to theactivation mechanism such that on movement of the activation mechanismto discharge fluid the generator generates electrical energy.

The function which is used to estimate the estimated amount of fluiddischarged from the measured result for the feature of the electricalenergy generated may be determined in a number of ways. One preferredway is to operate a test dispenser substantially the same or comparableto the fluid dispensing apparatus in a calibration test including aplurality of the above-mentioned step (a) and for each step (a)performing step (b) to measure the feature of energy generated andadditionally performing an additional step (x) of measuring the actualamount of fluid discharged in each step (a). From such data which may beselected so as to provide in the calibration test a series of differentmovements of the activation mechanism characteristic of a relativelyfull range of movements which may be expected in normal operation of thefluid dispenser, a person skilled in the art can then establish thefunction, for example, as a mathematical relationship approximating therelationship, covering all the test steps (a), between the measuredresult for the feature of each test step (a) and the amount of fluiddischarged for each test step (a). Such mathematical modelling is wellknown to persons skilled in the art. Other methods for determining thefunction can include estimating the volume of fluid discharged relativeto the relative extent of movement of the actuation mechanism betweendifferent of said positions and correlating this with an estimate of therelative extended movement of the activation mechanism which wouldprovide for various values for the measured result for the feature ofthe energy generated. Calibration whether by experimentation orcalculation is within the skill of a person skilled in the art so as toselect a function of the measured result of the energy generated whichwill estimate the amount of fluid discharged for any particular pumphaving regard to, amongst other things, the nature of the pump to thenature of the fluid dispensed, temperature, modes of operation and thelike.

One preferred use of the method of estimating the amount of fluiddischarged is to provide a signal or arrangement which assists inensuring that a minimum dose of fluid is dispensed to each user.

For example, in the context of a hand cleaning fluid dispenser, adetermination may be made, for example, that 3 mm of the fluid inquestion is required for adequate cleaning of a user's hands. The methodmay be carried out so as to determine for each user whether the desiredminimum dose has been dispensed and to provide a suitable signal to theuser. For example, for a given step (a), step (b) may be carried out toproduce a measured result for step (a) and subsequently step (c) iscarried out to estimate an estimated amount of fluid discharged for thegiven step (a). Furthermore, a step (d) may be then be carried out forcomparing the estimated amount of fluid discharged for the given step(a) to a predetermined minimum dose volume and providing a signal to theuser indicative of whether the estimated amount of fluid discharged forthe given step (a) is (j) less than the predetermined minimum dose or(ii) at least equal to the predetermined minimum dose. If the estimatedamount of fluid discharged is at least equal to the predeterminedminimum dose, then a signal to that effect may be given to the user. Ifafter providing the signal to the user indicative of the estimatedamount of fluid discharged for the given step being less thanpredetermined minimum dose, then after a next step (a) is performed step(b) is carried out to produce a measured result for the next step (a)and then step (c) is carried out to determine an estimated amount offluid discharged for the next step. Subsequently a further step (e) iscarried out for comparing the sum of the estimated amounts of the fluiddischarged for the given step (a) and the next step (a) to thepredetermined minimum dose and providing a signal to the user indicativeof whether the new sum is (i) less than the predetermined minimum doseor (ii) at least equal to the minimum predetermined dose. This sequencecan be repeated after each step the sum of the estimated amounts offluid discharged in a successive series of step at least equal to thepredetermined minimum dose.

Such a method is useful for example in a soap dispenser in which anormal dose dispenses on each activation by a user, for example, about 1ml to 1.5 ml of fluid, but the minimum dose is for example 3 ml. Inmanually operated dispensers of the type disclosed in the preferredembodiments, the amount of fluid disposed in any one cycle of operationcan vary dependent upon the extent to which the user may adequately movethe actuator mechanism such that the lever shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 maygenerate a full stroke of movement of the piston. As well, the speed orforce applied by the user can have an effect on the amount of fluiddispensed. Further, the extent to which the user may not for examplepermit the lever to be returned to a fully extended position of thepiston can have an effect on the amount of fluid dispensed. Estimatingsome of the estimated amounts of fluid dispensed to an individual usercan be advantageous to better ensure that an individual user actuallyreceives a minimum dose of fluid.

In order to distinguish dispensing by one user from an earlier or lateruser, the time between individual strokes, that is for example betweenpulses of generated electrical energy can be monitored and if the timeis for example greater than a preset time then the new operation can beconsidered to be operation by a new user.

As to the nature of the signal to a user, the signal may be a visualsignal, an audio signal or a combination of audio and visual signals.For example, the visual signals might be an arrangement by which a greenlight on the exterior of the dispenser is illuminated adjacent a noticeindicating that a minimum dose has been obtained or a red light isilluminated adjacent a notice indicating that a minimum dose has notbeen obtained and/or requesting the user operate the lever again todispense additional fluid. Audible signals could of course provide sucha signal to the user in spoken wording and any such visual and audiblesignals could be provided in combination.

As a matter of compliance with washing regulations, the controlledmechanism could also be operated to keep track of incidences where usersdid not operate the dispenser so as to receive a minimum dose. As well,the control mechanism may keep track of the number of times thedispenser needed to be operated a plural of times to discharge a minimumdose a user. Such information for compliance and monitoring theoperation of the dispenser could for example be communicated by acommunication unit to remote controller.

The individual dispensing apparatus may be operated in a manner so as tochange the predetermined minimum dosage which is to be desired to bedispensed dependent on a number of different factors. These factors caninclude factors which could readily be sensed by the dispensing unitincluding the temperature of the environment where the apparatus islocated, the length of time since fluid was last dispensed and thelength time since which the reservoir initially had fluid dispensed fromit. Additionally, the predetermined minimum dose could be selecteddependent upon the nature of the fluid being dispensed which could beadjusted as for example on changing a replaceable reservoir fromcontaining one fluid to containing another fluid. Additionally, theminimum dose could be changed to dependent upon information regardingrisk of infection the environment in which the apparatus is located.Such information could for example be provided to the dispenser as inputfrom a remote controller as for example received by wirelesscommunication.

The method of the present invention involving estimating the amount offluid discharged can be used to provide signals indicative of the amountof fluid remaining in a reservoir based on for example a comparison of acumulative sum of estimated amounts of fluid discharged from thereservoir after the reservoir first has fluid dispensed therefrom and anestimated volume of fluid in the reservoir prior to the reservoir firsthaving fluid dispensed therefrom. For example, in the context of a fluiddispenser having a replaceable reservoir, the control mechanism may havean initialization indicator which determines when a reservoir is beinginserted. The control mechanism can thereafter calculate a cumulativesum of the estimated amounts of fluid discharged. By comparison of thecumulative sum to the estimated initial volume of fluid in thereservoir, the control mechanism can provide various signals indicativeof the amount of fluid remaining in the reservoir. These signals canindicate conditions selected for example from a condition that thereservoir is estimated to be empty and a condition that the reservoir isestimated to have fluid remaining therein below a certain percentage ofthe estimated initial volume of fluid in the reservoir. Such signals maynot only be displayed for example visually on the individual dispenserthey may also preferably be communicated via a data communications unitconfigured for transmitting information preferably wirelessly to awireless receiver which would pass the information on to a remotecontroller. By such an arrangement, the manual soap dispenser canprovide signals to the central controller that the replaceable reservoiris in need of replacement. The control mechanism could also keep trackof the time when a new replaceable reservoir is inserted and if thecumulative sum of the estimated amounts of fluid discharged from thereservoir after it is inserted does not reach a condition that thereservoir is expected to be empty within a set product life period oftime, then a suitable signal may be sent. Towards keeping the complexityof control mechanism in the manual dispenser at a minimum, the controlmechanism may be preferably be structured so as to wirelessly transmitdata regarding its stats operation and use to the central remotecontroller rather than retain substantial information in the controlmechanism in the manual dispenser.

The control mechanism for the fluid dispensing apparatus may includevarious elements to carry the desired operations including a measurementdevice that measures the feature of the energy generated, acomputational device that estimates from the measured results for thefeature the estimated amount of the fluid discharged. The measurementdevice may include a dispenser sensor unit which measures the feature.

In the preferred embodiment, the dispenser is shown as a fluid dispenserpreferably a soap dispenser as for use in a washroom or an alcoholcleaning fluid dispenser as for use in hospitals. The nature of themanual dispenser is not limited to fluid dispensers. Other dispenserswith which the present invention can be useful include manually operatedpaper towel dispensers as for use in washrooms as, for example, notablyincluding those in which a lever is activated to dispense paper towels,however, also including those in which drawing of paper is required fordispensing of the paper in which in the manual drawing on the paper willrotate an axle member about which a roll of paper is engaged. Otherdispensers include a fluid dispensing apparatus wherein said dispensermechanism is selected from the group consisting of a paper toweldispenser, a liquid or foam soap dispenser, a toilet tissue dispenser,and an air freshener dispenser, toilet seat cover dispenser, diaperdispenser, a feminine product dispenser; a beverage dispenser, and asunscreen fluid dispenser.

The data communication unit 48 preferably uses wireless communicationtechnology such as is well known in the art and includes Wi-Fi (WirelessFidelity) and Bluetooth communication technology. The communication maymerely be one-way as from the data communication unit 48 to the receiver68, however, may preferably be two-way communication. The receiver 68may comprise a remote computer or an interface or gateway for connectionbetween electronic devices such as a remote computer. A gateway mayincorporate an http server for accessing data from the data control unit48 and for transmission of this data back to the data transmission unit48. The individual dispenser 10 may be accessed as if the dispenserassembly 10 was on a website, and the information could be displayed ona web browser.

Wireless communication to and from the data communication unit 48 ispreferred, however, wired communication as along a wired connection fromthe data communication unit 48 to the receiver 66 is also within thescope of this invention.

Outputs from the data communication unit 48 could be incorporated intoknown systems and methods for measuring monitoring controlling washroomdispensers and products of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication2005/0171634 to York et al dated Aug. 4, 2005, the disclosure of whichis incorporated herein by reference.

Rather than utilize a piston pump assembly as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3which discharges in a retraction stroke, a piston pump assembly could beused which discharges in a withdrawal stroke, that is, when the housingis moving from the forward position to the rear position. The manuallyoperated pump assembly illustrated in FIG. 1 is adapted for applyingmanual pressure to the manual engagement handle 31 of the lever 27 tomove the lever 27 rearwardly relative to the housing. It is to beappreciated that a different arrangement of an activating lever could beprovided in which a manual engagement handle is to be moved forwardlyaway from the wall. An activating lever which is moved forwardly couldbe used in conjunction with a piston pump which discharges in awithdrawal stroke rather than in a retraction stroke.

The dispenser may have side mounted activation levers such as taught inU.S. Pat. No. 7,367,477 to Ophardt issued May 6, 2008, the disclosure ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference.

As a pump assembly for dispensing a fluid, the embodiment illustratesthe use of a piston type pump. The invention is not so limited that anymanner of fluid discharge mechanism may be suitable when the product isa fluid including, for example, rotary pumps, peristaltic pumps, andvalve arrangements releasing fluids from pressurized bottles and thelike, without limitation.

The dispenser is preferably adapted for dispensing fluid onto a user'shand disposed below the dispenser, however, the dispenser can also beadapted to dispense onto a user's hands in front of or to the side ofthe dispenser.

The preferred embodiments show a fluid dispenser to dispense liquids.The fluid dispensers in accordance with the present invention includedispensers in which the fluid is dispensed as a spray or as a foam. Forexample, by suitable selection of a pump and nozzle, fluid dispensed maybe sprayed as in an atomized mist. Known spray dispensers includedispensers to dispense a spray of alcohol disinfectant onto a person'sfeet. Foam dispensers provide a foam as by mixing liquid to be dispensedwith air.

The dispenser need not be limited to dispensing of fluids onto aperson's hands and may be adapted for dispensing another applicationsuch as to dispense a food product such as ketchup or mustard as used infast food industries, to dispense cream or milk, to dispense fluidmedications as into a cup or receptacle or the like, without limitation.

Reference is made first to FIGS. 23, 24 and 25 which show an eighthembodiment of a pump assembly generally indicated 810 in combinationwith a fluid containing reservoir 860 and an ultraviolet radiationemitter 899. Pump assembly 810 comprises two principal elements, apiston chamber-forming member or body 812 and a piston forming elementor piston 814 which has a configuration similar to that disclosed inU.S. Patent Application Publication US 2009/0145296 to Ophardt et alpublished Jun. 11, 2009, the disclosure of which is incorporated hereinby reference.

The piston chamber-forming body 812 has three cylindrical portionsillustrated to be of different radii, forming three chambers, an innerchamber 820, an intermediate chamber 822, and an outer chamber 824, allcoaxially disposed about an axis 826. The intermediate cylindricalchamber 822 is of the smallest radii. The outer cylindrical chamber 824is of a radius which is larger than that of the intermediate cylindricalchamber 822. The inner cylindrical chamber 820 is of a radius greaterthan that of the intermediate cylindrical chamber 822 and, as well, isshown to be of a radius which is less than the radius of the outercylindrical chamber 824.

The inner chamber 820 has an inlet opening 828 and an outlet opening829. The inner chamber has a cylindrical chamber side wall 830. Theoutlet opening 829 opens into an inlet end of the intermediate chamber822 from an opening in a shoulder 831 forming an outer end of the innerchamber 820. The intermediate chamber 822 has an inlet opening, anoutlet opening 82, and a cylindrical chamber side wall 833. The outletopening 832 of the intermediate chamber 822 opens into an inlet end ofthe outer chamber 824 from an opening in a shoulder 834 forming theinner end of the outer chamber 824. The outer chamber 824 has an inletopening, outlet opening and a cylindrical chamber side wall 836.

Piston 814 is axially slidably received in the body 812. The piston 814has an elongate stem 838 upon which four discs are provided at axiallyspaced locations. An inner flexing disc 840 is provided at an innermostend spaced axially from an intermediate flexing disc 842 which, in turn,is spaced axially from an outer sealing disc 844. The inner disc 840 isadapted to be axially slidable within the inner chamber 820. Theintermediate disc 842 is adapted to be axially slidable within theintermediate chamber 822.

The intermediate disc 842 has a resilient peripheral edge which isdirected outwardly and adapted to prevent fluid flow inwardly yet todeflect to permit fluid flow outwardly therepast. Similarly, the innerdisc 840 has a resilient outer peripheral edge which is directedoutwardly and is adapted to prevent fluid flow inwardly yet to deflectto permit fluid flow outwardly therepast.

The outer sealing disc 844 is adapted to be axially slidable within theouter cylindrical chamber 824. The outer sealing disc 844 extendsradially outwardly from the stem 838 to sealably engage the side wall836 of the outer chamber 824, and prevent flow therepast either inwardlyor outwardly. The outer sealing disc 844 carries an upwardly inwardlyextending cylindrical tube 900 such that an annular central fluid sump902 is defined inside the tube 900 between the tube 900 and the stem 838above outer disc 844. As seen in FIGS. 23 and 24, the pistonchamber-forming body 812 has an inwardly extending cylindrical recess904 sized to receive the tube 900 therein but with clearance to providefor fluid passage therebetween.

The piston 814 essentially forms, as defined between the inner disc 840and the intermediate disc 842, an annular inner compartment 864,sometimes referred to herein as a liquid compartment or inner liquidcompartment, which opens radially outwardly as an annular openingbetween the discs 840 and 842. Similarly, the piston 814 effectivelyforms between the intermediate sealing disc 842 and the outer sealingdisc 844 an annular outer compartment 866, sometimes referred to hereinas an air compartment or an outer air compartment, which opens radiallyoutwardly as an annular opening between the discs 842 and 844.

The stem 838 has an outermost hollow tubular portion 762 with acylindrical side wall 764 generally coaxially about the central axis 826defining a central passageway 846 within the tubular portion 762. Thecentral passageway 846 extends from an outlet 848 at the outermost end850 of the stem 838 centrally through the stem 838 to a closed inner end852.

The cylindrical side wall 764 of the hollow tubular portion 762 of thestern 838 extends radially of the central axis 826 from an inner sidewall surface 766 to an outer side wall surface 767. An inlet passageway854 provides communication through the stem 838 into the centralpassageway 846. The inlet passageway 854 extends through the cylindricalside wall 764 from an inner opening 768 in the inner side wall surface766 to an outer opening 770 in the outer side wall surface 767. Theinlet passageway 854 has its outer opening 770 located on the stem 838in between the outer disc 844 and the intermediate disc 842. The inletpassageway 854 in extending from the inner opening 768 to the outeropening 770 radially outwardly and axially outwardly so as to providethe inner opening 768 located on the stem 838 axially inwardly from theouter opening 770. The inlet passageway 854 extends about an inlet axisextending in a flat plane including the central axis 826 and with theinlet axis in that flat plane extending at an angle to the central axis826 as the inlet axis extends radially outwardly and axially outwardly.

The inlet passageway 854 has its inner opening 768 at a height above theheight of its outer opening 770.

A foam inducing screen 856 is provided in the central passageway 846intermediate between the inner opening 768 and the outlet 848. Thescreen 856 may be fabricated of plastic, wire or cloth material. It maycomprise a porous ceramic measure. The screen 856 provides smallapertures through which an air and liquid mixture may be passed to aidfoam production as by production of turbulent flow through small poresor apertures of the screen thereof in a known manner.

The piston 814 carries an engagement flange or disc 862 on the stern 838outward from the outer sealing disc 844. The engagement disc 862 isprovided for engagement by an activating device in order to move thepiston 814 in and out of the body 812.

The piston chamber-forming body 812 carries an inwardly directed annularflange 906 which is threaded on a radially inwardly directed surface andadapted to threadably engage in a sealed manner with the threads on theneck 858 of the container 860. The neck 858 extends, as seen in FIG. 23,downwardly into an outwardly extending annular cavity formed between theflange 906 and a cylindrical portion defining the inner chamber 820.

FIGS. 23 and 24 show the ultraviolet radiation emitter 899 as beingpositioned proximate an exterior surface 909 of a wall 910 of the body812 within which the outer chamber 824 is defined. The emitter 899 isadapted to emit ultraviolet radiation radially through this watt 910into the outer air compartment 866 so as to generate ozone in the outercompartment 866 by converting oxygen of the air within the outercompartment 866 into ozone. The emitter 899 is preferably operated in acontrolled manner such that ultraviolet radiation is emitted into theair compartment 866 at times when the ultraviolet radiation emitted willimpinge upon air within the outer air compartment 866. Thus, forexample, it is preferable to emit radiation via the emitter 899 into theair compartment 866 as when the air compartment 866 contains air as, forexample, when the outer disc 844 is in a position below the emitter 899,such as when the piston 814 is in the fully extended position as shownin FIG. 23 and positions reasonably proximate thereto such as inpositions in which the piston 814 is closer to the extended positionshown in FIG. 23 than to the retracted position shown in FIG. 24.

In the first embodiment of the pump assembly 810 as shown in FIG. 24, inthe fully retracted position, the air chamber 866 contains substantiallyno air and, therefore, in the retracted position shown in FIG. 24,emitted radiation from the emitter 899 will not practically serve togenerate ozone in the air compartment. The emitter 899 may be controlledin a manner to be operated to emit radiation provided that any radiationemitted will reasonably impinge upon air within the air chamber 866.

In a withdrawal stroke with movement from the retracted position of FIG.24 to the extended position of FIG. 231, the volume between the innerdisc 840 and the intermediate disc 842 decreases such that fluid isdisplaced outwardly past the intermediate disc 842 to between theintermediate disc 842 and the outer disc 844. At the same time, thevolume in the annular outer compartment 866 between the intermediatedisc 842 and the outer disc 844 increases, with such increase beinggreater than the volume decrease in the annular inner compartment 864between the inner disc 840 and the intermediate disc 842 such that inaddition to the fluid displaced outwardly past intermediate disc 842,what is referred to herein as inhaled material namely air, liquid and/orfoam is drawn inwardly via the outlet 848, central passageway 846, andthe inlet passageway 854 into the annular outer compartment 866 betweenthe intermediate disc 842 and the outer disc 844.

In a retraction stroke from the position of FIG. 23 to the position ofFIG. 24, the volume in the annular outer compartment 866 between theintermediate disc 842 and the outer disc 844 decreases such that what isreferred to herein as exhaled material namely air, any ozone generated,liquid and/or foam in the annular outer compartment 866 and in thecentral passageway 846 above the screen 856 is forced under pressure outthrough the screen 856. The gas comprising air and any ozone presentplus the liquid simultaneously passing through the screen 856 are mixedand commingled producing foam which is discharged out the outlet 848. Atthe same time, in the retraction stroke, the volume in the annular outercompartment 866 between the inner disc 840 and the intermediate disc 842increases drawing liquid from inside the fluid containing reservoir orcontainer past the inner disc 840.

Reciprocal movement of the piston 814 between the retracted and extendedpositions will successively draw and pump precise amounts of liquid fromthe container and mix such liquid with air drawn from the atmosphere anddispense the liquid commingled with the air as a foam.

Preferably, in the course of one cycle of the piston 814, ozone isgenerated from oxygen in the air compartment to create ozonated airwhich is discharged in the retraction stroke so as to mix with theliquid and form ozonated air-liquid mixture as foam.

In a typical withdrawal stroke, the inhaled material includes materialin the inlet passageway 854 and the central passageway 846, whetherinwardly or outwardly of the screen 856, at the end of the lastretraction stroke. Such material may typically include foam whichsubstantially fills the central passageway 846 outward of the screen,and foam, liquid and/or air and ozone in the central passageway 846inwardly of the screen 856 and foam, liquid and/or air and ozone in theinlet passageway 854.

The annular outer compartment 866 is, in effect, a closed bottomcompartment forming a major sump whose bottom is defined by the outerdisc 844, sides are defined by the side wall 836 and the inner side wallsurface 766 of the stern 838 and with an overflow outlet defined by theinner opening 768 of the inlet passageway 854. Within this major sump,the annular central sump 902 is defined within the tube 900 with thesump volume of the central sump 902 being the volume of liquid which maybe retained within the tube 900 above the outer disc 844 against overflow out the inlet passageway 854 to the central passageway 846.

In a retraction stroke, the material in the annular outer compartment866 is forced out of the outer compartment 866 via the outer opening 770of the inlet passageway 854. In the retraction stroke, the expelledmaterial includes air, and any ozone generated and due to a venturieffect, the air being expelled through the outer opening 770 of theinlet passageway 854 entrains liquid and foam in the central sump 902 inthe annular outer compartment 866 and draws the level of material in thesump down typically to the height of outer opening 770 of the inletpassageway 854. Subsequently, in the next withdrawal stroke, the inhaledmaterial is drawn into the annular outer compartment 866 via the inletpassageway 854 and, simultaneously, a next allotment of liquid from theannular inner compartment 864 is forced from the annular innercompartment 864 past the intermediate disc 842 into the annular outercompartment 866. The inhaled material and the allotment of liquid cometo sit in the central sump 902 with the liquid at the bottom of thesump, the foam above the liquid and air above the foam. With the passageof time, foam in the sump will tend to coalesce, that is, separate intoair and liquid, with such coalesced liquid increasing the level ofliquid in the sump. In so far as the level of liquid in the central sump902 is below the inner opening 768 liquid will not flow due to gravityfrom the outer compartment 866 into the central passageway 846.

Operation of the pump assembly illustrated in FIGS. 23 to 25 will drawliquid out of a container 860 creating a vacuum therein. The pumpassembly is preferably adapted for use with a collapsible container 860.Alternatively, a suitable vent mechanism may be provided if desired as,for example, for use in a non-collapsible container to permitatmospheric air to enter the container 860 and prevent a vacuum beingbuilt up therein.

Both the piston 814 and the body 812 may be formed as unitary elementsor from a minimal number of elements from plastic as by injectionmolding.

Reference is now made to FIG. 26 which shows a ninth embodiment liquidsoap dispenser generally indicated 870 utilizing the pump assembly 810of FIGS. 23 to 25 secured in the neck 858 of a sealed, collapsiblecontainer or reservoir 860 containing liquid hand soap 868 to bedispensed. Dispenser 870 has a housing generally indicated 878 toreceive and support the pump assembly 810 and the reservoir 860. Housing878 is shown with a back plate assembly 880 for mounting the housing,for example, to a building wall 882. A support plate 884 extendsforwardly from the back plate assembly 880 to support and receive thereservoir 860 and pump assembly 810. The bottom support plate 884 has aforwardly opening 886 therethrough. The reservoir 860 sits supported onthe support plate 884 with the neck 858 of the reservoir 860 extendingthrough opening 886 and secured in the opening as by a friction fit,clamping and the like.

An actuator slide plate 914 is slidably mounted to the housing 878 forlimited vertical movement in the direction indicated by the arrow 916.In a known manner, the housing 878 may have two side plates with oneside plate 915 on each lateral side thereof which extends downwardlyfrom the support plate 884. The actuator slide plate 914 may extendlaterally between these side plates 918 of the dispenser and be engagedwithin vertical slide grooves 920 and 922 shown in each side plate 915to guide the slide plate 914 in vertical sliding. The actuator slideplate 914 has a forwardly opening cavity 922 formed therein such thatthe piston 814 may be slid rearwardly into the cavity 922 so as toreceive the engagement flange 862 within the cavity and couple thepiston 814 to the slide plate 914 such that vertical sliding of theslide plate 914 slides the piston 814 coaxially within the body 812.

The back plate assembly 880 is shown to include an interior plate 924and a rear cover 926 forming a cavity 928 therebetween. The emitter 899is shown as mounted to the interior plate 924 in an aperture passingtherethrough. A motor 930 is schematically shown as provided in thecavity 928 which rotates about axis 931 and output shaft 932 carrying arotating wheel 934 coaxially with the shaft. A crank pin 936 is mountedat one circumferential location on the wheel. The crank pin 936 isreceived within a rearwardly opening horizontally extending slot in theslide plate 914. With rotation of the shaft 932 and wheel 934,engagement between the crank pin 936 and the slide plate 914 will causethe slide plate 914 to slide vertically upwardly and downwardly in areciprocal manner relative to the housing 870.

Within the cavity 928, there is schematically shown a control mechanism930 and a power source 932. The control mechanism 930 controls themanner of distribution of power to the motor 930 and emitter 899. Asensing device 940 is provided on the plate 924 as, for example, tosense the presence of a user's hand underneath the discharge outlet 848of the pump 810 and activate the operation of the pump 810 in knownmanners. This sensing device 940 is also connected to the controlmechanism 930. The control mechanism 930 may have various manners forremotely communicating with control systems or other devices and, inthis regard, a communication mechanism 934 is shown in the cavity 928connected to the control mechanism 930 which may comprise various meansfor wired or wireless communication with external communication devicesand controllers such as through preferred WI-FI connections with theInternet and external computerized controls.

The control mechanism 930 in controlling the rotation of the motor 930controls and is aware of the relative location of the piston 814relative to the piston chamber-forming body 812. As a function of theposition of the piston 814 with the body 812, the control mechanism 930can control when ultraviolet radiation is emitted by the emitter 899.The control mechanism 930 can, as well, control the amount ofultraviolet radiation emitted by the emitter 899 as to, for example,intensity and duration. Preferably in a cycle of operation, the controlmechanism 930 controls the emitter 899 to emit radiation into the aircompartment 866 adequate to generate ozone in the air in a concentrationuseful for destroying pathogens. The amount of such ozone is not to belimited, however, preferably, the initial concentration of ozone aftergeneration is at least 0.05% ozone, more preferably, at least 0.1%ozone. As used in this application, the percent of ozone is thevolumetric percent of molecules of ozone in the gas at 20° C.

Preferably, in each cycle of operation of a pump, adequate ozone isgenerated so as to provide the desired levels of ozone in the air in theair compartment.

The control mechanism is also to be operated in a manner so as tomaintain an adequate concentration of ozone in air in the aircompartment having regard firstly to the natural decomposition of ozoneinto oxygen with the passage of time and having regard to the time thathas passed since the pump was first operated in the cycle of operationto dispense air. For example, if some time has passed since the pump waslast cycled, the control mechanism may generate additional ozone atperiodic intervals so as to replace ozone in the air compartment whichhas decomposed back into oxygen. For example, if there is no operationof the pump, then ozone may again be generated every fifteen minutes orevery half hour. As well, the amount of radiation which may be generatedin each successive generation of ozone can be suitably controlled by thecontrol mechanism, possibly to provide for energy efficient generation.

During the period of time when the dispenser is not expected to be used,then the control mechanism can, for example, discontinue the generationof ozone and with knowledge that it has discontinued generation ofozone, if the pump mechanism is to be cycled when the ozone would bedepleted in the air compartment, the control mechanism could ensure thatadequate ozone is generated before the dispenser is permitted to becycled. The control mechanism may be able to generate ozone in asignificantly small period of time as by increasing the energy of theradiation emitted through one emitter or by emitting radiation through anumber of emitters simultaneously.

As to the power supply 932 which may be used, the power supply maycomprise permanent hardwired AC electrical supply or, for example,replaceable batteries.

Reference is made to FIG. 27 which illustrates a tenth embodiment of adispenser which is adapted to be manually operated. The manuallyoperated dispenser of FIG. 27 is substantially identical to theautomated dispenser shown in FIG. 26 with the exception that the motor,its shaft, wheel and crank pin are removed.

In the manually operated embodiment of the dispenser of FIG. 27 betweenthe side plates 915 of the dispenser, there is carried at a forwardportion an actuating lever 888 journalled for pivoting about ahorizontal axis at 890. The lever 888 carries an arm 894 to engage theactuator slide plate 914 such that manual movement of the tower handleend 896 of lever 888 towards the right in the direction indicated byarrow 898 slides the slide plate 914 and therefore piston 814 inwardlyin a retraction pumping stroke. On release of the tower handle end 896,a spring 762 disposed between the housing 878 and the slide plate 914biases the slide plate 914 downwardly to move the lever and the piston814 to the fully withdrawn position seen in FIG. 26.

The slide plate 914 is adapted to permit manual coupling and uncouplingof the piston 814 as is necessary to remove and replace reservoir 860and pump assembly 810.

The manually operated embodiment in FIG. 27 continues to have thecontrol mechanism 930, power source 932, communication unit 934 andsensor 940 as in the embodiment of FIG. 26. While not necessary, toassist the control mechanism in controlling the operation of the pumpassembly 810, preferably a mechanism is provided whereby the controllerwill know the relative position of the piston 814 in the body. This, forexample, cart be accomplished by a magnet 950 carried in the slot of theslide plate 914 whose position may be sensed by a magnetic sensor orsensors 952 carried on the interior plate 924 and coupled to the controlmechanism.

The manual movement of the lever 888 may be utilized to generateelectrical energy in an electrical generator in the same manner as forexample in the first to seventh embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 22, howevernot shown in FIG. 27. The electrical energy generated may power themanual embodiment in creating ozone and its other functions.

Other mechanisms for moving the piston 814 as shown in FIGS. 26 and 27can be provided including other mechanized and motorized mechanisms.

In use of the dispenser 870, once exhausted, the empty, collapsedreservoir 860 together with the attached pump 810 are removed and a newreservoir 860 and attached pump 810 may be inserted into the housing.Preferably, the removed reservoir 860 with its attached pump 810 areboth made entirely out of recyclable plastic material which can easilybe recycled without the need for disassembly prior to cutting andshredding.

It is to be appreciated that in the first embodiment of FIGS. 23 to 25,the inner disc 840 and the intermediate disc 842 form a first steppedpump and, similarly, the intermediate disc 842 and the outer disc 844form a second stepped pump. The first pump and second pump are out ofphase in the sense that in any one retraction or extension stroke whileone pump is drawing fluid in, the other is discharging fluid out. Thisis not necessary in accordance with the present invention.

Reference is made to FIG. 28 which shows an eleventh embodiment of apump assembly 810 of the present invention with the piston 814 in anextended position. The pump assembly 810 of FIG. 28 is similar to thatof FIGS. 23 to 25 but modified to show a number of different features.

In a first difference, the air compartment 866 in the fully retractedposition continues to have a volume which will contain air. Thus, asseen in the fully retracted position in FIG. 28, there continues to be avolume of air in the air compartment 866. This has the advantage thatradiation from the emitter 899 can be emitted into the chamber 866 atall times during a cycle of operation and still impinge on air in theair compartment. However, the relative volume of the air chamber 866 inthe fully retracted position may be selected so as to ensure that thereis adequate pressurization of air in the air compartment 866 in a cycleof operation for dispensing of air and fluid from the discharge outlet848.

The relative volume of air which may be in the air compartment 866 inFIG. 28 in a fully retracted position may, for example, be selected tobe merely enough air that radiation emitted by the emitter 899 will havesufficient air to impinge on to create the ozone. Of course, inaccordance with the first embodiment of the pump assembly 810 shown inFIGS. 23 and 24, likely a preferred arrangement is to control theoperation of the emitter 899 so as to only emit radiation at times whenthe radiation will impinge upon air in the chamber having regard to therelative position of the piston 814 in the body 812 in a cycle ofoperation.

As a second difference, the embodiment of FIG. 28 differs from theembodiment of FIG. 23 in that the foam producing screen 856 has beeneliminated and replaced by a nozzle member 756 disposed proximate theoutlet 848 to at least partially atomized fluid when liquid and air passtherethrough simultaneously. Nozzle member 756 is shown to always beopen to provide communication between the atmosphere and the centralpassageway 846. The nozzle member 756 receives the ozonated air and theliquid and further mixes them in passage therethrough to discharge anozonated air and liquid mixture. The ozonated air and the liquid aremixed firstly in being passed together through the inlet passageway 856and the passageway 846.

In a third difference, the inlet passageway 854 extend ends normal tothe axis 826 rather than being inclined.

As a fourth difference in FIG. 28, the inner chamber 820 is of a smallerdiameter than the intermediate chamber 822 and the intermediate chamber822 is of a smaller diameter than the outer chamber 824. In FIG. 28, theinner disc 840 and the intermediate disc 842 form a first stepped pumpand the intermediate disc 842 an the outer disc 844 form a secondstepped pump. The two stepped pumps are in phase in a sense that bothoperate to discharge fluid outwardly on a retraction stroke and to drawfluid in between their respective discs on an extension stroke. In anextension stroke, the inner pump effectively serves to draw liquid fromthe reservoir and between the inner disc 840 and the intermediate disc842 and to discharge it past the intermediate disc 842 between theintermediate disc 842 and the outer disc 844. The second pump serves todraw air inwardly into between the intermediate disc 842 and the outerdisc 844 in a withdrawal stroke and to discharge liquid and airoutwardly through the outlet 848 in a retraction stroke.

A fifth difference of FIG. 28 is that the outer wall of the body 812 hasa constant outer diameter extending radially outwardly a constant amountabout the threaded portion 906 and the wall 910.

A sixth difference in FIG. 28 is that the wall 910 defining the outerchamber 824 is extended axially outwardly to beyond the discharge end848 of the piston 814 when the piston is in the fully retractedposition. This has the advantage that the piston in the retractedposition is protected by the body 812 against contact or damage and thiscan be of assistance in avoiding the need for a cap. Additionally, as aseventh difference in FIG. 28, an optional, removable cap 940 is shownremovably engaged to the outer end of the wall 910 and enclosing thepiston 814 within the outer chamber 824 as can be advantageous to sealthe piston 814 within the chamber 824 against contamination prior to useby removal of the cap.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 23, 24 and 28, merely a single emitter 899has been shown. However, one or more emitters may be provided in variouspositions about the air compartment 866. For example, two or moreemitters 899 may be provided as circumferentially spaced locations aboutthe wall 910 of the body 812 yet located to not impede the ability ofthe reservoir 860 and its pump assembly to be coupled and uncoupled tothe dispenser 870.

One emitter 999 is shown in solid lines in FIG. 23 as emitting radiationradially into the air chamber 866. Air within the air compartment 866may be irradiated by radiation from an emitter disposed at anydirection. For example, as shown in FIG. 26, a second emitter 899 a isshown adapted to direct radiation axially through a thin walled axiallyextending shoulder 911 into the air compartment 866.

The wall of the air compartment 866 through which radiation from theemitter 899 is to emit radiation needs to be formed of a material whichpermits the radiation emitted to pass therethrough. While the entirewall 910 circumferentially entirely about the axis 826 may transmitradiation, merely a window portion of the wall 910 may permit radiationto pass therethrough and thus form a window for radiation to beorientated aligned with the emitter 899.

While a portion of the wall may be adapted to permit radiation to passtherethrough into the air compartment 866, it is also within the scopeof the invention that other portions of the wall 910, the body 812 andpiston 814 defining the air compartment 866 be provided no as to nottransmit ultraviolet radiation therethrough thus, for example, serve toentrap radiation therein by reflecting radiation back into the air,chamber or, alternatively, absorbing radiation against its transmissionas to a user or other portions of the dispenser where it is not desired.The dispenser 870 may have protective covers or shrouds (not shown) toprevent radiation from being transmitted out of the air compartment as,for example, a protective cylindrical radiation impermeable orreflective shroud which might encircle the pump assembly 810 outside ofthe reservoir when the pump assembly is installed on the dispenser 870.

A significant advantage of the provision of ozone in an air compartmentin a pump as disclosed is that the ozone assists in disinfectinginternal parts of the pump and the discharge outlet of the pump incontact with the ozone so as to prevent the growth of pathogens withinthe pump assembly and dispenser itself. This advantage is in addition tothe advantage that the ozone assists in killing pathogens after it isdispensed as, for example, on a person's hands or another use as towhich the dispensed ozonated air-liquid mixture or foam may be used.

One particularly useful purpose for the ozonated foam is for use as afoam plug to block discharge of gas odors from waterless urinals as in amanner disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,006,324 to Ophardt, issued Oct. 30,2011, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Theozone in killing pathogens assists in reducing odor in gasses from suchtoilet systems.

The preferred embodiments show in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 two differentarrangements of piston pumps useful in arrangement for generating ozoneinternally within a variable volume air chamber within the pump.However, particular configurations of pumps which can be used forgeneration of ozone therein is not limited to these two embodiments. Forexample, in any of the various pumps shown in the following U.S. patentsmay be useful for creation of ozone by a radiation of the air within theair chambers formed therein: U.S. Patent Application Publication US2009/0145296 to Ophardt, published Jun. 11, 2009; U.S. PatentApplication Publication US 2006/0237483 to Ophardt, published Oct. 26,2006; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,409,050 to Ophardt, issued Jun. 25, 2002, eachof which is incorporated herein by reference.

Two examples of dispensers for dispensing foam have been disclosed asFIGS. 26 and 27. Various other automated mechanisms may be utilized fordispensing foam. For example, a dispenser disclosed in U.S. PatentApplication Publication US 2009/0084082 to Ophardt, which isincorporated herein by reference, could readily be adapted to use a pumpassembly and emitter as shown in FIG. 23.

The two embodiments of piston pumps in FIGS. 23 and 28 have been shownfor use in a dispensing apparatus which produces ozone as through theemitter 899. Each of these piston pumps is useful without generation ofozone and each has the advantage of providing a construction in whichthe piston pump white received in the neck of a container has acompartment outside the neck of a greater diameter than the diameter ofthe neck. As seen the piston 814 has inner portions formed by the innerdisc 840 inside the neck 858 of the bottle 860, but the outercompartment 866 and the outer disc 844 axially outward of the neck 858as is advantageous for providing increased volume to the outercompartment 866.

Reference is made to FIGS. 29 to 32 which show a twelfth embodimentincluding rotary foam pump of the type disclosed in U.S. PatentApplication Publication US 2009/0200340 to Ophardt et al, published Aug.13, 2009, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

As shown, the foam dispensing apparatus 410 includes a mixing pump 412having an air inlet 414 in communication with atmospheric air and aliquid inlet 416 in communication with foamable fluid 417 from areservoir 418 via a fluid feed tube 415. The mixing pump 412 has anoutlet 420 from which mixed air and liquid are discharged to passthrough a foam generator 421 to produce foam 423 which is discharged outa discharge opening or outlet 422 for use.

As seen in FIG. 31, the pump 412 has a rotor chamber-forming membercomprising a principal housing member 425 and a cap-like closure member426. A compartment 427 is defined inside the housing member 425 withinwhich a ring member 428 is provided located keyed thereto againstrotation as by an axial key 490 which extends radially inwardly on thehousing member 425 being received in a keyway slot 491 in the ringmember 428. An interior chamber 429 is defined inside the housing member425 axially between an inner axially directed side wail 430 of thehousing member 425 and an axially directed outer side wall 432 on theclosure member 426, and radially inwardly of a radially inwardlydirected end wall 431 of the ring member 428 which end wall 431 is atvarying radial distances from a rotor axis 435.

A rotor member 434 is received in the interior chamber 429 journalledfor rotation about the rotor axis 435 by being mounted on a rotor axle436. The rotor axle 436 as has an axially extending slot 479 open at aninner end which is adapted to be received in two complementary slot-likeopenings 446 through a central hub 444 of the rotor member 434. Therotor axle 436 may be slid axially through the rotor member 434 forcoupling against relative rotation. An inner end of the rotor axle 436has cylindrical bearing surfaces 437 coaxially about the rotor axis 435for engagement with coaxial bearing surfaces in a blind bearing bore 498formed in the inner side wall 430 of the housing member 425. The rotoraxle 436 extends through a bearing opening 438 in the closure member 426for coaxial journaling therein preferably in sealed engagement with thebearing opening 436.

An outer end of the rotor axle 436 carries a coupling member 439 as forquick connection and disconnection with a driving mechanism to rotatethe rotor axle 436.

FIG. 29 schematically illustrates an electric motor 462 which drives afirst driven gear 463 which in turn drives a second gear 464 which inturn drive third gear 465 coupled the coupling member 439 of the rotoraxle 436 of the mixing pump 412.

The rotor axle 436 preferably is a rigid unitary axle member whichcarries the coupling member 439 at an outer end and cylindrical bearingsurfaces 437 at its inner end. The rotor axle 436 is adapted forcoupling with the vaned rotor member 434 for rotation of the rotormember 434 in unison with the rotor axle 436.

The rotor member 434 has an axially extending central hub 444 with theaxially extending openings 446 extending therethrough for receipt of andcoupling to the rotor axle 436. A plurality of resilient vanes 445extend radially outwardly from the central hub 444 with the vanes 445spaced angularly from each other. Each vane 445 has an end surface 447to be closely adjacent to or to engage the end wall 431 of the interiorchamber 429, an inner side surface 448 to be closely adjacent to orengage the inner side wall 430 and an outer side surface 449 to beclosely adjacent to or engage the outer side wall 432. The end wall 431of the interior chamber 429 provided by the ring member 428 has a radialdistance from the rotor axis 435 which varies circumferentially, thatis, angularly about the rotor axis 435. As seen in FIG. 32, the radialdistance or radius of the end wall 431 is shown to be relativelyconstant other than over bump section 433 where the radius is reduced.

Between each two adjacent vanes 446 and inside the end wall 431 and sidewalls 430 and 432, a vane chamber 455 is defined. The volume of eachchamber 455 depends on the configuration that each of its two vanesassumes. In FIG. 32, the rotor member 435 is rotated clockwise. On onevane 445 first engaging the bump section 433, the vane is deflectedreducing the volume of the vane chamber 455 following the deflected vane455. The volume of that vane chamber 455 will decrease until thefollowing vane 445 engages the bump section. The outlet 420 is open intoany vane chamber 455 until the following vane 445 for that vane chamber455 first engages the bump section. Thus, a discharge sector may bedefined as that angular sector during which any vane chamber 455 isdecreasing in volume and open to the outlet 420.

With reference to a trailing vane 445 defining a vane chamber, thedischarge sector is shown as the angular sector 451.

For any vane chamber 455, once a leading vane 445 clears the bumpsection 433, as the trailing vane 445 moves down the clockwise side ofthe bump section 433, the volume of the vane chamber 455 will increase,until the trailing vane 445 clears the bump section. A suction sectorarises during which any one vane chamber 455 increases in volume. Withrespect to a trailing vane 445 defining a vane chamber 455, the suctionsector is shown as the angular sector 452.

Between the suction sector 452 and the discharge sector 451, therearises a mixing section 450, with reference to a trailing vane 445 of avane chamber 455, during which the volume of the vane chamber 455 isrelatively constant and next open to any one of the air inlet 414, fluidinlet 416 or outlet 420.

The volume of each of the plurality of vane chambers 455 decreases involume when each vane chamber 455 is open to the discharge section 451and increases in volume when each vane chamber 455 is open to thesuction section 452.

The air inlet 414 and the liquid inlet 416 are provided through the endwall 431 at an angular location where each vane chamber 455 is open tothe suction sector 452.

The outlet 420 is provided through the end wall 431 at an angularlocation where each vane chamber 455 is open to the discharge sector451.

FIG. 30 shows three ultraviolet radiation emitters 899 which arearranged so as to emit radiation through the radially extending end wall499 of the housing member 425 and into the compartment 427 so as toirradiate air within the compartment 427 forming ozone therein.

FIG. 32 schematically shows in dashed line circles the approximate axiallocation where each of the emitters 899 is located. The emitters 899will emit radiation into each of the vane chambers 455 as the vanemembers 845 rotate internally. The radiation may in fact be directedparallel the axis of rotation into each of the compartments 855 ormerely selected of the compartments. The radially extending end wall 499of the housing member 425 is to be provided to permit ultravioletradiation to be transferred therethrough.

With rotation of the rotor member 434, each vane chamber 455 will insequence pass through the suction sector 452, then the mixing sector 450and then the discharge sector 451. The increase in volume of each vanechamber in the suction section draws air into the vane chamber via theair inlet 414 and fluid into the vane chamber via the liquid inlet 416.In rotation of the vane chamber through the mixing sector, the air,ozone and fluid within the vane chamber experience some mixing as due atleast partially to the higher density of the fluid compared to the air,due to the tendency of the fluid to flow downwardly under gravity anddue to the relative orientation of the vanes forming the vane chambercoming to assume different relative vertical orientations. On each vanechamber 455 passing through the discharge sector 451, the decrease invane volume will discharge air, ozone and fluid in the vane chamber outof the vane chamber through the outlet 420.

As shown in FIG. 23, the reservoir 418 is connected to the fluid inlet416 as by a tube 415.

The outlet 420 on the housing member 427 is shown as connected by anoutlet tube 419 to an inlet to the foam generator 421. The foamgenerator 421 comprises a rigid foaming tube having one or more foaminducing screens therein preferably fabricated of plastic, wire or clothmaterial or comprising, for example, a porous ceramic material. Eachscreen provides small apertures through which air, ozone and liquid maybe simultaneously passed to aid foam production as by the production ofturbulent flow through the small pores or apertures of the screen. Foam423 produced in the foam generator 421 exits the discharge outlet 422.

In a preferred manner of operation, the foam dispensing apparatus 410 isincorporated as part of a dispensing apparatus including a mechanism forrotating the rotor axle 436 when dispensing is desired. Preferably, therotor member 434 may be rotated as by the electric motor 462 for adesired period of time to dispense a desired amount of foam. Forexample, in an automated electronic dispenser, dispensing may beactivated as by a user engaging an activation button or by a touchlesssensor sensing the presence of a user's hand under the discharge outlet.A control mechanism then operates the electric motor 462 for a period oftime rotating the rotor axle 436 and the rotor member 434 drawing airand fluid into the mixing pump 412 and forcing mixed air and fluid fromthe mixing pump to pass through the foam generator 421 and, hence,discharge foam from the foam generator 421 out of the discharge outlet422 onto a user's hands. Alternately the rotor member 434 may be rotatedas by a manually operated lever which preferably also operates anelectrical generator to generate electrical energy.

The relative size of the vane chambers 455, the speed of rotation of therotor member 434 and the length of time that the rotor member 434 isrotated can be used to dispense desired quantities of fluid and air asfoam.

Having regard to the number of rotations of the rotor which is desiredto dispense a single dose of foam and the speed with which ozone can begenerated from the air inside the pump by irradiation with radiationfrom the emitters, levels of radiation can be selected as appropriate tocreate foam with desired levels of ozone. For example, insofar as thevolume of the compartment 427 is relatively small and the number ofrotations of the rotor member 434 may be required for each dose, thenthe concentration of ozone within the compartments may be selected to berelatively high say, for example, up to 5% prior to dispensing anydosage of foam. On the other hand, insofar as the irradiation canquickly produce ozone, an initial concentration of ozone can be createdwhich is closer to the desired level of ozone in the foam to bedispensed and additional ozone can be created white the rotor member isbeing rotated.

Other forms of rotary pumps may be utilized as, for example, in whichthe inlets for liquid and air are provided in different rotary membersat axially spaced locations. The irradiation by the emitters withultraviolet light preferably may produce ozone in the air in any of therotary sectors through which the compartments are rotated whether or notthose sectors are sectors in which the volume of a compartment isreduced.

Reference is made to FIG. 33 which shows a thirteenth embodiment of adispenser 510 in accordance with the present invention. The dispenser500 includes a rotary foam pump 502 which has a liquid inlet 504 influid communication with fluid from a soap reservoir 506. The pump hasan air inlet 508 in communication with atmospheric air, however, withthe atmospheric air to be drawn into the rotary foam pump to pass froman air inlet 512 through a desiccant air filter 514 which serves toremove moisture from the air and then through a corona discharge chamber516 and hence to the pump air inlet 500. The corona discharge chamber516 may be of a known type in which an electric discharge between twoelectrodes 520 and 522 passes through the air forming ozone from oxygenin the air. Oxygenated air thus is provided to the air input to therotary foam pump 502. The rotary foam pump 502 draws in the ozonated airtogether with liquid from the reservoir 506, mixes it within a foamgenerator 518 and dispenses the foam out outlet 524.

Insofar as the corona discharge chamber 516 is upstream from an airinlet to a pump, the nature of the pump is not limited to being a rotaryfoam pump and may comprise any manner of pump including piston pumps andthe like.

A control board 530 is illustrated for control of the corona dischargechamber 516, however, it is appreciated that the control board couldcontrol also the operation of the rotary foam pump as well as otherwisecontrol the operation of the dispenser.

Reference is made to FIGS. 34 to 38 which show a fourteenth embodimentof a dispenser 1010 in accordance with the present invention. Thedispenser 1010 has many features which are identical to those shown inthe ninth embodiment of FIG. 26 and similar reference numerals are usedin FIGS. 34 and 35 to illustrate similar elements in the embodiment ofFIG. 26.

The fourteenth embodiment of FIG. 34 differs notably from the ninthembodiment of FIG. 26 in the manner in which ozone is generated. In theembodiment of FIG. 26, ozone is generated internally within the pumpassembly 810 by emitting ultraviolet radiation from the emitters 899. Incontrast in the embodiment of FIG. 34, ozone is generated within anozone generator 509. In FIGS. 34 to 38, the ozone generator has elementssimilar to the dispenser shown in the thirteenth embodiment of FIG. 33and similar reference numerals are used to refer to similar elements.

As seen in FIG. 34, atmospheric air is adapted to enter an air inlet 512and to pass through a drying air filter 514 and into a corona dischargechamber 516 in which ozone is created and hence delivered via an ozonedelivery tube 526 into the cylindrical outer chamber 824 of the pumpassembly 810. In FIG. 34, a one-way inlet valve 526 is provided topermit atmospheric air to enter into the ozone generator 509 but toprevent gases inside the generator from passing outwardly. A one-wayoutlet valve 528 is shown in the ozone delivery tube 526 from the ozonegenerator to permit one-way flow of ozone from the ozone generator 509into the pump assembly 810 but to prevent flow of fluid such as liquid,foam and/or gas from the pump assembly 810 back into the ozone generator509. The ozone generator 509 is schematically shown as connected to andcontrolled by the control mechanism 930.

Reference is made to FIGS. 36 to 38 showing additional details of theozone generator 509. The generator 509 includes a housing 530 whichincludes a generally cylindrical outer wall 531, an inner end wall 532and an outer end wall 533. An intermediate dividing wall 534 is providedin between the inner end wall 532 and the outer end wall 533. An inletopening 536 is provided axially through the dividing wall 534. The innerend wall 532 has an opening 537 therethrough which connects with anatmospheric air inlet tube 538. The outer end wall 533 has an outletopening 539 therethrough which connects with the ozone delivery tube526. A passageway for air flow is thus provided through the ozonegenerator 509 through the inlet tube 538, through the inner end wall 532via the inlet opening 537, through the dividing wall 534 via the opening536 and through the outer end wall 533 via the opening 539 to ozonedelivery tube 526. An air drying chamber 540 is formed within thehousing 530 between the inner end wall 532 and the dividing wall 534within which the drying air filter 514 is provided. The drying airfilter 514 is shown as a matrix of media and which serves the purpose ofremoving moisture from air which passes through the drying chamber 540.The corona discharge chamber 516 is defined between the dividing wall534 and the outer end wall 533 within the housing. A flat electricallynon-conductive support plate 541 extends axially between the dividingwall 534 and the outer end wall 533. The first electrode 520 is mountedflush with the support plate 541 and the second electrode 522 is mountedspaced from electrode 520 and electrically insulated thereof by reasonof two insulating posts 542. While not shown in the drawings, each ofthe electrodes 520 and 522 is connected to an electrical source suchthat there is electrical discharge between the electrodes 520 and 522through air in the corona discharge chamber 516 to form ozone fromoxygen in the air.

FIG. 37 shows the one-way inlet valve 526 as comprising a duck-bill typeplastic valve which can be formed by injection molding and includes, asseen in FIG. 37 at its lower end, a pair of opposed flat sides 543 whichare biased together at a slit line opening 544. The bias of the twosides 543 together can be overcome by creating a relative vacuum withinthe ozone generator 509 by operation of the pump assembly 812.Preferably, the one-way outlet valve 528 may also comprise a similarduck-bill valve to that illustrated in FIG. 37 as the one-way inletvalve 526.

The pump assembly 810 in the embodiment of FIGS. 34 and 35 is identicalto that shown in FIG. 26 with the single exception that the outerchamber 824 extends axially inwardly and upwardly as shown so as toprovide a location for the outlet end 545 of the ozone delivery tube 526to enter into the outer chamber 824 at all relative positions of thepiston 814 in a normal stroke of operation. In this regard, the outletend 545 of the ozone discharge tube 526 can be seen to open into anannular portion 546 of the cylindrical outer chamber 824.

In the dispenser of FIGS. 34 and 35, as is the case with the embodimentof FIG. 26, by rotation of the motor 930, the piston 814 is moved in acycle of operation between a withdrawn position shown in FIG. 34 and aretracted position shown in FIG. 35.

Preferably, in operation of the dispenser 1010 of FIGS. 34 and 35,during rest periods at times when the dispenser is not in use, thecontrol mechanism 930 will maintain the piston 814 in the retractedposition as seen in FIG. 35. On the dispenser 1010 sensing the presenceof a user's hand under the discharge outlet 848, the control mechanism930 will then move the piston 814 to the extended position and, in sodoing, draw ozone from the ozone generator 509, subsequently moving thepiston 814 to the retracted position so as to dispense foam containingozone onto the user's hand.

In the preferred embodiment, the passageway for the ozonated air,notably provided by the ozone discharge tube 526, leads downwardly tothe bottom of the ozone generator 509 to the outer chamber 824 and isbelieved to be advantageous such that ozone, which is heavier than air,will have a tendency to concentrate in the lowest-most portion of thepassageway, and to flow towards the outer chamber 824.

The ozone generator 509 preferably has an ozone generating capacitysufficient to generate adequate ozone for use of the dispenser undervarying conditions.

The control mechanism 930 controls the generation of ozone by the ozonegenerator 509. As shown only in FIG. 39, n ozone sensor 160 may beprovided to sense the level of ozone in the ozone generator 509 andcommunicate this information to the control mechanism. However, towardreducing the cost of the dispenser, the control mechanism preferablycontrols the operation of the ozone generator 509 without the use of anozone sensor.

In the embodiment of FIG. 34, the control mechanism 930 controls theoperation of the pump assembly and the ozone generator 509 without anozone sensor. Methods of operation of the ozone generator 509 to provideadequate ozone include operation to provide “on demand” generation ofozone, operation to provide a pre-existing “reserve supply” of ozone,and combinations thereof.

In a preferred embodiment for an “on demand” method for generatingozone, the ozone generator may have sufficient capacity for generatingozone with time that the ozone generator 509 can generate sufficientozone for a single activation of the pump during the time that the pumpmoves in a cycle of operation and move preferably with a piston pumpduring a charge stroke that ozonated air is drawn into the pump chamberas in the withdrawal stroke in the embodiment of FIG. 34 in which thepiston is moved from its retracted position to its extended position.With many piston pump dispensers of the type illustrated in thisinvention, the time of a complete cycle in dispensing is, for example,about one second with the time of a withdrawal stroke being about half asecond and the time of a retraction stroke being about half a second.Preferably, the ozone generator 509 of FIGS. 34 and 35 may have acapacity to generate ozone such that, for example, in a half second,adequate ozone is generated at least equal to the amount of ozone thathas been drawn from the ozone generator in a single stroke of operation.

One method of operation which can assist “on demand” creation ofadequate ozone with an ozone generator having a small capacity aspossible is such that after the hand of a user being sensed under thedischarge outlet that there is an increased time period for the ozonegenerator 509 to generate ozone before the end of the charge strokedrawing ozonated air into the outer chamber of the pump.

This increased time could be arranged for by providing a time delayafter sensing the user's hand and initiating movement of the piston fromthe retracted position. However, a time delay in which no operation ofthe dispenser is sensed by a user is often disturbing to a user. Ratherthan have a time delay in operation, the pump in FIG. 34 may becontrolled such that the time for the charging withdrawal stroke isgreater than the time for the discharging retraction stroke. Forexample, rather than have the time of the withdrawal stroke be equal tothe time of the retraction stroke, which is a typical arrangement, thewithdrawal stoke could be longer in time as, for example, with a rationof time of withdrawal stroke to time of retraction stroke being in therange of 5:4 to 3:1, more preferably about 2:1. The overall time of acycle of operation could be increased as well, however, it is preferredif a stroke does not exceed about 1 second or 1.5 second. As oneexample, the length of a cycle is maintained as about 1 second with thewithdrawal stroke increased as to about ⅔ of a second and the dischargestroke reduced to about ⅓ of a second.

The control of the relative time duration of the withdrawal stroke andthe retraction strokes can be accomplished various ways. As examples,the speed of rotation of the motor can be varied in each cycle and thenature of the mechanical linkage coupling the actuator slide plate 914to the motor may be selected to provide different strokes with constantspeed of rotation of the motor.

Preferably, the dispenser may be designed with the ozone generator 509to have low electrical consumption to conserve power particularly sothat the dispenser may be battery powered or powered by electricitycreated by a manually operated generator. Preferably, the ozonegenerator 509 may have a relative small volumetric size so as to notunduly increase the size of the dispenser or reduce the size of a fluidcontaining reservoir for the dispenser. These preferred constraints onelectrical consumption and size lead towards adopting a generator withmerely enough capacity to generate an amount of ozone with time whichcan merely meet typical demands on the dispenser.

Another method of operation which provides for increased time togenerate ozone before the end of a charging stroke is to commencegeneration of ozone before a user's hand is sensed under the piston 810.

Referring to FIG. 34, the dispenser is shown as including in addition tothe sensor 940, a second sensor 941 for preferred, albeit optional, usein a manner now described. In accordance with the various embodiments ofthe invention, the sensor 940 is preferably adapted to sense thepresence of a user's hand disposed below the piston 810. FIG. 34schematically illustrates the sensor 940 as adapted to determine whetheror not a person's hand may be disposed as, for example, at a location942 marked on FIG. 34 substantially directly below the piston 810. Thesecondary sensor 941 may preferably be adapted to sense the location ofa person's hand or the user at a location spaced from the dispenser as,for example, one foot or two feet or three feet spaced forwardly fromthe dispenser and schematically illustrated as a location 943. Thesecondary sensor 941 can be used towards sensing the approach of anexpected user to the dispenser and thus provide a signal indicating theuser of the dispenser at a time period before a time when the primarysensor 940 senses the position of a person's hand underneath the piston810. This advance warning that a user will use the dispenser may be usedas an input to the control mechanism 930 so as to have the controlmechanism 930 direct the ozone generator 509 to commence generatingozone at a time earlier than would result if a request for generatingozone was not initiated until the user's hand is sensed underneath thepiston by the primary sensor 940. This advance notice that a user is touse the dispenser and earlier initiation of generation of ozone with theozone generator can be of assistance towards ensuring that there will beadequate ozone in the ozone generator to be drawn by the piston pump inan initial withdrawal stroke from the position of FIG. 35 to theposition of FIG. 34. For example, this may be advantageous if, forexample, the capacity of the ozone generator 509 to generate ozone maybe limited. Rather than provide two different sensors 940 and 941, asingle sensing mechanism may be used which has a capability of sensingthe presence of a user at different locations. Pairs of sensors of thetype disclosed in U.S. patent publication US 2009/0045221 to Ophardt,published on Feb. 19, 2009, may be used.

As contrasted with the “on demand” methods of control of the ozonegeneration, another method is to maintain a supply of ozonated air inthe ozone generator 509 ready to be used, and to replenish this supplyby generating more ozone when ozonated air is withdrawn. In such anarrangement, the ozone generator need not have a capacity to generateadequate ozone in the same time as a charging withdrawal stroke and, forexample, replenishment could be adequate if the ozone generator createdadequate ozone for replenishment in the time of a cycle, for example,one second of generation of ozone for a one second cycle of pumpoperation. However, since there may on average be expected to be agreater time period between activations of the dispenser by differentusers than merely time of one cycle of operation, the ozone generatorcould have a capacity to generate adequate ozone for a single cycle in atime greater than the time of the single cycle, for example, in the timeof two, three or four cycles.

The ozone generator 509 could also be controlled in a manner that thereis constantly adequate ozone within the corona discharge chamber 516 forat least one cycle of operation of the pump and, more preferably, two,three or more cycles of operation of the pump.

Ozone has a tendency to revert back to oxygen over time. Thus, withinthe ozone generator, ozone that may be generated within the coronadischarge chamber 516 will, after time, revert back to being oxygen.Under typical temperature and relatively low humidity conditions, thehalf life of ozone may be approximated as thirty minutes. The half lifeis the time that it takes for half of the ozone to revert to oxygen.

Preferably, the control mechanism 930 controls operation of the ozonegenerator 509 by estimating the ozone in the generator at any timehaving regard to one or more of: monitoring of the number of activationsof the pump, estimating the amount of ozone generated in the ozonegenerator 509 over time, estimating the amounts of ozone withdrawn bythe activations of the pump, monitoring time and estimating the amountof ozone in the ozone generator which has reverted to oxygen over time.The control mechanism 930 can direct the ozone generator 509 to generateozone from time to time as may be required so as to maintain the ozoneconcentration within the ozone discharge chamber 516 withinpre-established limits to assist in ensuring that there is adequateozone in the corona discharge chamber 516 for at least one and possiblya number of activations of the pump.

As one example, an ozone generator was selected to produce adequateozone for a simple cycle of operation of the piston pump during thatcycle of operation. An ozone generator with an internal volume of 35 mlhas been tested in a dispenser as illustrated in FIG. 35 which generatesadequate ozone in second for a typical single dose of foaming liquid of1.0 ml dispensed in a volume ratio of liquid to ozonated air of 1:15 andin which the ozonated air has a concentration of about 0.05% by volumeozone. This tested ozone generator was used to supply ozone to a pistonpump with initiation of generation of ozone by the generator to coincidewith the initiation of the withdrawal stroke and the ozone generator togenerate ozone for ½ second during the withdrawal stroke. The discussionof the control of generation of ozone has been principally directed to adiscussion in the conduct of a piston pump as illustrated in FIG. 34 inwhich ozone is charged into the pump chamber in a withdrawal stroke. Ofcourse, other piston pumps could be selected in which ozone is chargedinto the pump chamber as the piston is retracted. In either case, ondemand ozone generation is preferred during a charge stroke when ozoneis drawn into the pump.

In accordance with the present invention, a dispenser is provided fordispensing with a pump a liquid and ozonated air as a foam with thedispenser including a removable replaceable cartridge as a carrier forliquid to be dispensed and an air drying media to be consumed in dryingair from which the ozonated air is produced. Preferably, the replaceablecartridge may also include a pump mechanism. Preferably, the cartridgemay be coupled and uncoupled to a housing for the dispenser by movementwhich simultaneously couples the pump mechanism to a pump activator, theair dryer media across an inlet passageway to an ozone generator and anozone discharge outlet to an ozonated air inlet to the pump mechanism.

Reference is made to FIG. 39 which illustrates a fifteenth embodiment ofa dispenser 1120 in accordance with the present invention which issubstantially identical to that shown in the embodiment of FIG. 34 butfor the modification of the ozone generator 509 to provide the airdrawing filter 514 as severable from the remainder of the ozonegenerator as part of a removable cartridge 1121 carrying firstly, thepump assembly 810, secondly, the fluid reservoir 860 and, thirdly, theair drying filter 514. Referring to FIG. 39, the corona dischargechamber 516 is provided within its own housing which has an inner plate534 carrying an inlet tube 1124 having an inlet 1125 directedhorizontally forwardly relative to the wall 882 on which the back plateassembly 880 of the dispenser is mounted. The ozone discharge tube 526from the corona discharge chamber 516 is also shown to have an outlet1126 which is directed horizontally forwardly.

The reservoir 860 is illustrated as being modified at its upper rear noas to provide a recess 1128 bounded on three sides and within which anair dryer housing 1130 carrying the air drying filter 514 may beremovably secured. The air drying filter 516 is shown as beingsandwiched between the air dryer housing 1130 and the reservoir 860. Theair dryer housing 1130 carries the inlet tube 538 and the inlet one-wayvalve 526. An outlet tube 1132 from the air dryer housing 1130 is shownas being cylindrical and extending horizontally rearwardly.

The pump 810 is shown as carrying on its rear a rearwardly extendingcylindrical inlet tube 1134 carrying the one-way valve 528.

The cartridge 1121 is thus adapted to be slid horizontally rearwardlyrelative the back plate assembly 880 of the dispenser and with suchhorizontal movement simultaneously, the outlet tube 1132 for the airdrying filter 514 becomes seatably engaged within the inlet 1125 to theinlet tube 1124 to the corona discharge chamber 516, the inlet tube 1134on the pump assembly 810 becomes sealably engaged in the outlet 1126 ofthe ozone discharge tube 526 of the corona discharge chamber 516 and theactuator 862 on the piston 514 become coupled with the actuator slideplate 914. Thus, in a simple manner, the cartridge 1121 can, by relativehorizontal movement, be readily coupled to and uncoupled from thedispenser housing 878.

Advantageously, the cartridge 1121 can provide an adequate volume offluid 868 to be dispensed and, as well, an adequate supply of air dryingmedia to reasonably dry air for a period of time that the cartridge 1121may be expected to be coupled to a dispenser.

In accordance with the present invention, a foam liquid product isprovided dispensed from the outlet of the dispenser in which air withinthe bubbles in the foam includes ozone within a concentration effectivefor various purposes including notably cleaning, disinfecting and,preferably, killing pathogens. In accordance with the present invention,it is preferred that the liquid which is to foam and form the bubbles tocontain the ozonated air may be a cleaning fluid, however, this is notnecessary. The liquid which is to foam and form the hubbies to containthe ozonated air may merely serve the purpose of a carrier for theozonated air. Preferably, the bubbles of the foam may remain unbrokenfor a period of time that the ozone may be delivered to where cleaningor disinfecting is desired as, for example, on all and various differentsurfaces of a person's hand or to surfaces which are to be cleaned.Preferably, the foam containing ozone will have bubbles with a tendencyto remain unbroken for a period of time preferably of at least onesecond, or two seconds or three seconds or five seconds or ten secondsor more to assist in providing adequate time for the foam aftergeneration to be applied to surfaces to which it is to clean ordisinfect.

The relative ratios of gas to liquid which may comprise the bubbles ofthe foam may be varied depending upon the nature of the liquid and thedesired purposes of the foam.

Many typical foaming liquids with cleaning properties are known andwhich can be foamed with the volume of liquid injected relative to thevolume of air injected being in the range of about 1 to 10 to 1 to 15.Such relative ratios are also suitable for use with ozonated air.Advantageously, the relative volumes of liquid to air containing ozonemay be greater as, for example, in the range of about 1 to 15 to 1 to 50or 1 to 60 as may be desired. Such an ozonated air containing foam witha low relative amount of liquid can be advantageously used as a vehicleto provide cleaning or disinfecting effective levels of ozone onsurfaces to be cleaned. In accordance with the present invention, thereis provided a particularly useful foam product having liquid to gasratios in the range of 1 to 10 to 1 to 60 and, preferably, with halffife times for the foam, defined as the time in which half of the foambubbles become broken, being in the range of three seconds to thirtyseconds or longer. Such foams can serve as an advantageous vehicle fordelivering ozone into any environment which is desired to be cleanedincluding a person's hands, articles, walls, a toilet bowl and, as well,wounds, sores, burns or other openings in a human or animal body.

Ozone is soluble in water. During the mixing of the ozonated air andliquid to form the foam, the ozone within the ozonated air will have atendency to become dissolved in the liquid, particularly if it is waterbased or to react with the liquid or components of the liquid sinceozone is a strong oxidizing agent. Ozonated water is useful as a cleanerand sanitizer.

The resultant foam product can provide for advantageous cleaning byreason of both the delivery of ozonated air in the foam bubbles and byreasons of the delivery of ozonated liquid preferably ozonated water.The liquid used to make the foam preferably is selected to minimizereaction with ozone which reduces the ozone concentration in theozonated air or the liquid. The particular foaming agents used in thefoaming liquid preferably are agents which do not react with ozone.

The foam provides an excellent high liquid to air surface area fortransfer of ozone from the ozonated air into the liquid of the foam.

With knowledge of the extent to which ozone will be dissolved into theliquid, the concentration of ozone in the ozonated air may be selectedto provide for a resultant foam with advantageous ozone dissolved in theliquid of the foam and ozone remaining in the air of the foam bubblesfor cleaning and disinfecting purposes as desired.

While the invention has been described with reference to preferredembodiments, many modifications and variations will now occur to personsskilled in the art. For a definition of the invention, reference is madeto the following claims.

We claim:
 1. A method of operating a hand cleaner dispenser to dispenseozone containing fluid onto a user's hand comprising: providing a pumphaving an air compartment, operating the pump in a cycle of operationincluding the steps of drawing atmospheric air into the air compartmentand discharging air from the air compartment, generating ozone withinthe air compartment from air in the air compartment by conversion withinthe air compartment of oxygen in the air within the air compartment intoozone to form ozonated air in the air compartment, mixing the ozonatedair with a flowable fluid to form an ozonated fluid-air mixture, andpassing the ozonated fluid-air mixture out a discharge outlet onto auser's hand.
 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein generating ozonewithin the air compartment comprises irradiating air in the compartmentwith radiation adequate to convert the oxygen in the air into ozone. 3.A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the radiation is ultra violetradiation.
 4. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step ofgenerating ozone creates an initial ozone concentration in the air inthe compartment of at least 0.1% by volume immediately after creatingthe ozone.
 5. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the step ofgenerating ozone creates an initial ozone concentration in the air inthe compartment in the range of 0.05% to 5% by volume.
 6. A method asclaimed in claim 1 wherein the fluid comprises a liquid which is capableof foaming, the method including passing the ozonated air and theflowable fluid simultaneously through a foam generator to generate foamfor discharge out the discharge outlet.
 7. A method as claimed in claim1 wherein the pump having a liquid chamber compartment in communicationwith a reservoir containing the flowable fluid, the cycle of operationof the pump including the steps of drawing liquid into the liquidcompartment, and discharging liquid from the liquid compartment,including discharging the liquid from the liquid compartment beforemixing the liquid with the ozonated air.
 8. A method as claimed in claim8 wherein the pump comprises a housing and an impeller movable withinthe housing, the air compartment and the liquid compartment formedwithin the housing between the housing and impeller, the air compartmentis defined at least in part by a wall of the housing which is transmitsultraviolet radiation, the method including passing ultravioletradiation through the wall into the air chamber to irradiate air in thecompartment with radiation adequate to convert the oxygen in the airinto ozone.
 9. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the pump is amanually operated pump coupled to an electrical generator for generatingelectrical energy such that on a user manually operating the pump thegenerator generates electrical energy, the method including manuallyoperating the pump to generate electricity with the generator and usingthe electricity generated to generate ozone within the air compartment.10. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the impeller is movablerelative the pump housing in the cycle of operation in which the aircompartment having a variable volume which changes from a minimum volumeto a maximum volume.
 11. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pumpis a rotary displacement pump.
 12. A method as claimed in claim 8wherein the pump is a piston pump.
 13. A method as claimed in claim 12wherein the piston pump having a piston-forming element reciprocallycoaxially slidable within a piston chamber-forming member in which theair compartment and the liquid compartment are formed between thepiston-forming element and the piston chamber-forming member, the airchamber is defined in part by a wall of the piston chamber-formingmember which is transmits ultraviolet radiation, the method includingpassing ultraviolet radiation through the wall into the air chamber toirradiate air in the compartment with radiation adequate to convert theoxygen in the air into ozone.
 14. A method as claimed in claim 8including discharging the liquid from the liquid compartment into theair compartment.
 15. A method as claimed in claim 14 includingdischarging ozonated air and liquid from the air compartment through afoam generator to generate the ozonated fluid-air mixture as a foam fordischarge out the discharge outlet.
 16. A method as claimed in claim 13wherein the piston-forming element is reciprocally movable relative thepiston chamber-forming member in the cycle of operation between aretracted position and an extended position, the air compartment havinga variable volume which changes from a minimum volume to a maximumvolume, the volume of the air compartment being at the maximum volumewhen the piston-forming element is in a first position of the retractedposition and the extended position, the volume of the air compartmentbeing at the minimum volume when the piston-forming element is in asecond position of the retracted position and the extended positiondifferent than the first position, carrying out the step of generatingozone in each cycle including generating ozone after the piston-formingelement has reached the first position.
 17. A method as claimed in claim1 wherein the method includes controlling the generation of ozone in theair chamber such that if a predetermined period of time passes afterlast generation of ozone without discharge of air from the aircompartment generating additional ozone within the air compartment fromair in the air compartment by conversion within the compartment ofoxygen in the air within the compartment into ozone.
 18. A method asclaimed in claim 1 wherein the step of generating ozone creates aninitial ozone concentration in the air in the compartment immediatelyafter creating the ozone which initial ozone concentration is selectedto meet one of a plurality of pre-determined minimum ozoneconcentrations, determining a level of a threat of infection to personsproximate the discharge outlet, and selecting the one of the pluralityof pre-determined minimum ozone concentrations as a function of thethreat of infection to provide an increased initial ozone concentrationwith an increase in the determined level of threat of infection.
 19. Amethod as claimed in claim 1 carried out utilizing a hand cleanerdispenser comprising: a fluid containing reservoir, a pump mechanismincluding a housing and an impeller movable within the housing, an aircompartment and a liquid compartment formed within the housing betweenthe housing and impeller, the impeller movable relative the housing in acycle of operation (a) to successively draw atmospheric air into the aircompartment and discharge air from the air compartment and (b) tosuccessively draw liquid from the reservoir into the liquid compartmentand discharge liquid from the liquid compartment, the air compartmentdefined at least in part by a wall of the housing which is transmitsultraviolet radiation, an emitter of ultraviolet radiation whenactivated directs ultraviolet radiation through the wall into the aircompartment to irradiate air in the air compartment with ultravioletradiation adequate to convert oxygen in the air in the air compartmentinto ozone forming ozonated air, a mixing chamber for simultaneouspassage of ozonated air which has been discharged from the aircompartment and fluid which has been discharged from the liquidcompartment.
 20. A method of generating ozone containing fluidcomprising: drawing atmospheric air into an air compartment, generatingozone within the air compartment from air in the air compartment byconversion within the compartment of oxygen in the air within thecompartment into ozone to form ozonated air, discharging the ozonatedair from the air compartment, mixing the ozonated discharged air with aflowable fluid to form an ozonated fluid-air mixture, and passing theozonated fluid-air mixture out a discharge outlet.